304 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



Archibuteo lagopus, var. sancti-johannis (Penn). 



ROUGH-LEGGED HAWK; BLACK HAWK. 



Falco sandi-juhannis, Penn. Arct. Zool. pi. ix, 1785. — Gmel. Syst. Nat. p. 273, 1789. — 

 Lath. Index Orn. p. 34, 1790 ; Syn. I, 77 ; Gen. Hist. I, 276. — Daud. Tr. Oni. II, 

 105, 1800. —Shaw, Zool. VII, 150, 1809. — Bonap. Ann. Lye. N. Y. II, 32. — Aud. 

 Orn. Biog. II, 381, 1831. — Giraud, B. Long Island, p. 6, 1844. — Keiir, Trans. 

 Gmel. II, 507, 1792. Butco sancti-johannis, Jard. (Wils.) Am. Orn. II, 287, 288, 

 1832. — NuTT. Man. Orn. U. S. & Canad. p. 98, 1833. — De Kay, Zool. N. Y. II, 7, 

 pi. ii, fig. 3, 1844. ButaMcs sancti-johannis, Cuv. Reg. An. (ed. 1), i, 323, 1829.— 

 Bonap. List, p. 3, 1838. Archibuteo sancti-johannis, Gray, Gen. B. iol. sp. 2, 1844 ; 

 List B. Brit. Mus. p. 39, 1844. — Bonap. Consp. Av. p. 18, 1850. — Cass. Birds Calif. 

 & Tex. p. 103, 1854. — Blakist. Ibis, III, 18t51, 318 (eggs). — Kaup, Monog. Falc. 

 Cent. Orn. 1S50, p. 75. — Strickl. Orn. Syn. I, 40, 1855. — Brewer, Oology, 1857, 

 34, pi. iii, f. 28. —Cass. Birds N. Am. 1858, 33. — Gr.\y, Hand List, I, 10, 1869. 

 Falco spadiceus, Gmel. Syst. Nat. p. 273, 1789. — Lath. Ind. Orn. p. 27, 1790 ; Gen. 

 Hist. I, 279. — Daud. Tr. Orn. II, 109, 1800. Buteo spadiceics, Vieill. Ois. Am. Sept. 

 I, 34, 1807. Fa.lco lagopus, Wils. Am. Orn. pi. xxxiii, f. 1, 1808. — Brew. (Wils.) 

 Am. Orn. Syn. 648, 1852. — Bonap. Ann. Lye. N. Y. II, 32; Isis, 1852, 1138. — Aud. 

 Birds Am. pi. clxvi, 422, 1831 ; Orn. Biog. II, 377 ; V, 217. Buteo lagopus. Rich. 

 Faun. Bor. Am. II, pi. xxviii, 1S31. — Aud. Synop. p. 8, 1839. — James. (Wils.) Am. 

 Orn. I, 77, 1831. —Jard. (Wils.) Am. Orn. II, p. 54, 1832. — Nutt. Man. Orn. p. 97, 

 1833. — Peab. B. Mass. p. 79, 1841. Archibuteo lagopus, Cass. Birds N. Am. 1858, 

 p. 32.— Brewer, Oology, 1857, 36, pi. iii, f. 29. — Coop. & Suck. P. R. R. Rept. VII, 

 ii, 148, 1860. — CouE.s, Prod. Orn. Ariz. p. 16, 1866. Falco nigcr, Wils. Am. Orn. 

 pi. liii, figs. 1 and 2, 1808. — Lath. Gen. Hist. pp. 256, 257, 1821. Buteo niger, 

 Steph. Zool. XIII, pt. ii, p. 47, 1815. — Vig. Zocil. Journ. I, 340. — James. (Wils.) 

 Am. Orn. I, pp. 79, 80, 1831.— Cuv. Reg. An. (ed. 2), i, 326, 1829. Buteo ater, 

 Vieill. Nouv. Diet. Nat. Hist. IV, 482, 1866 ; Enc. Meth. Ill, 1227. 



a. Normal plumage. 



Sp. Char. Adult male (43,073, Fort Resolution, June ; J. Lockhart). Ground-color 

 of the upper parts dull umber-cinereous, this more rufous on the .«houIders, and dull white 

 on nape, scapulars, inner secondai'ies, and upper tail-coverts ; rump entirely black, feath- 

 ers bordered with whitish. All the feathers above with central oblong or irregular spots 

 of black, this color predominating on top of head, and forming transverse bands across 

 the wing-coverts and secondaries; upper tail-coverts pure white, each marked with an 

 exceedingly irregular transverse spot of black. Tail white on basal two thirds, and nar- 

 rowly, but sharply, tipped with the same ; subterminal portion pale mottled cinereous, 

 with a very broad zone of black next the terminal white, and anterior to this three nar- 

 rower and more irregular bands of the same. Primaries l:>lackish-cinereous. with obsolete 

 darker bands. Grround-color of head and lower parts dull white; cheeks thickly streaked 

 with black ; ear-coverts and throat more sparsely streaked ; forehead and sub-orbital re- 

 gion plain whitish. Breast with large, longitudinal but very irregular, oblong spots of 

 dark brown, these largest and somewhat confluent laterally ; lower part of breast with 

 much less numerous and less longitudinal spots; tibise strongly tinged with rusty, and 

 with tarsus, abdomen, crissum, and flanks having irregular transverse spots of blackish- 

 brown ; lower tail-coverts unvariegated. Lining of wing white, with numerous spots of 

 black, these becoming more rusty towards the axillars; a large .space of continuous clear 

 black, covering the under primary coverts and the coverts immediately anterior ; under 

 surface of primaries and secondaries pure white, the former becoming black at ends, the 

 latter ashy ; no bars, except toward shafts, of the latter. Fourth quill longest ; third 



