344 



NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



tending over the whole of America, with the exception of tlie colder 

 portions ; the other (hurrovianus) confined to the eastern tropical region. 

 They may be distinguished as follows : — 



Species. 



Common Characters. General plumage nearly uniform blackish ; no white. 

 Adult. Bill white ; head reddish. Young. Bill and head dusky, or blackish. 



1. R. aura. Upper half of the neck bare all round. Feathers of the upper 

 surface with brown borders. Wing, 20.00-23.00 ; tail, about 12,00. Rab. 

 Entire continent and islands of America, except the colder portions. 



2. R. burrovianus.' Only the head and throat naked, the feathers of the 

 neck extending up to the occiput. Feathers of the upper surface without 

 brown borders. Wing, 18.00 - 18.50 ; tail, 9.00, Hab. Eastern Tropical 

 America (Brazil; Eastern Mexico??). 



Rhinogryphus aura (Linn.). 



TURKEY-BUZZARD; RED-HEADED VULTURE, 



FuUur aura, Linn. Syst. Nat. 122, 1766. — Gmel. Syst. Nat. 246, 1789. —Lath. Syn. 



I, 9 ; Syn. Supp. I, 2 ; Ind. Orn. 4. — Gen. Hist. I, 12, pi. iii. — Penn. Arct. 

 Zool. I, 221. — Bart. Trav. Carol, p. 285. — Vieill. Ois. Am. Sept. pL ii. — Ord 

 (WiLS.) Am. Orn. pi. Ixxv, f. 1.— AuD. Edin. New. Phil. Journ. II, 172. — Darw. 

 Journ. Res. p. 68. — Wagl. Isis, 1831, 517. —Shaw, Zool. VII, 36. — Sells, Proc, 

 Zool. Soc. pt. V, p. 33 ; Mag. Nat. Ser. 2, I, 638. — Ledru, Voy. Tenerif. Trinit. etc. 



II, 264. Catliartes aura, Illig. Prod. Syst. 236, 1811.— Cuv. Reg. An. (ed. 1), 

 308; (ed. 2) I, 317. — Spix, Av. Bras. I, 2. — ViG. Zool. Journ. — Less. Man. Orn. 

 I, 73 ; Tr. Orn. p. 28. — Bonap. Ann. Lye. N. Y. II, 23 ; Isis, 1832, p. 1135 ; List 

 Eur. & N. Am. B. p. 1. — Rich. & Swains. F. B. A. II, 4. — Jard. (Wils.) Am. Orn, 



1, 3 ; IV, 245. — Brewer (Wils.) Synop. p. 682. — Ib. N. A. Oology. — Aun. Birds Am. 

 pi. cH ; Orn. Biog. II, 339 ; Synop. Birds Am. p. 2. — Nutt. Man. I, 43. — Swains. 

 Classif. B. II, 205. —Darw. Zool. Beag. pt. iii, p. 8. — Gray, Gen. B. fol. sp. 2 ; List 

 B. Brit. Mus. p. 3 ; List Gen. & Subgen. Brit. Mas. p. 2. -De Kay, Zool. N. Y. II, 



2, pL V, f. 12. — GossE, Birds Jam. 1. — Peale, U. S. ExpL Exp. VIII, 58. — Reichenb. 

 Prakt. Nat. Vog. p. 26. — Kerr, Tran.sl. Gmel. II, 472. — Max. Beit. Ill, 64. — Rich. 

 (ScHOMB.) Faun. Brit. Guiana, p. 742. — Cab. (Tschudi) Av. Consp. Wieg. Arcliiv, 

 1844, 262 ; Faun. Per. Orn. p. 71. — D'Orb. Synop. Av. Mag. Zool. p. 2; Voy. Am. 

 Meiid. Ois. p. 38 (R. Sagra) ; Hist. Nat. Cuba Ois. p. 4. — Light. Verz. Doubl. p. 63. 

 — Hartl. Syst. Ind. Azar. Pax. p. 1. — Max. Cab. Journ. VI, 1858, 2. — Gurney, 

 Cat. Rapt. B. 1864, 42. — Dresser, Ibis, 1865, 322 (Texas). — Coues, Key, 1872, 



1 Rhinogryphus hurrovianus (Cassin). Cathartcs biirrovianus, Cass. P. A. N. S. II, 1845, 

 212. — Ib. Birds Am. 1858, 1. — Gray, Hand List, I, 1869, 3, No. 19. —Coues, Key, 1872, 

 222. Catliartes uruhitinga, Natt. von Pelzeln, Sitz-ber. Wien. Ak. 1861, 7. — Gurney, Cat. 

 Rapt. B. 1864, 46. — Scl. & Salv. P. Z, S. 1867, 589 (Amazon). — Pelz. Orn. Bras. I, 1868, 1 

 (Brazil). — Elliot, lUustr. Birds N. Am. II. — Gray, Hand List, I, 1869, 3, No. 20. 



Sp. Char. Very similar to R. aura, but neck feathered behind up to the occiput, and the 

 plumage uniformly black, the feathers of the back and wings without brown bordei's. Adult 

 (34,984, Brazil ; Natterer). Bill white ; naked skin of the head and throat reddish. Wing- 

 formula, 3, 2, 4 = 1. Wing, 18.50 ; tail, 9.00 ; culmen, .90; cere above, 1.20 ; tarsus, 2.10 ; 

 middle toe, 2.25; outer, 1.35; inner, 1.10; posterior, .80. Hah. Eastern Tropical America. 

 Brazil (Pelzeln & Natterer); Amazon (Scl. & Salv.) ; ?? Jamaica (Sharpe) ; ?? Vera Cruz, 

 Mexico (Cassin). 



