COLUMBrD^E — THE PIGEOXS. 



383 



Zenaidura carolinensis, Boxap. 



CAKOLINA OR COMMON DOVE. 



Coluniba carolinensis, LiNNiEUs, Syst. Nat. I, 1766, 286, No. 37. — Latham, Ind. II, 1790, 

 613. —Wilson, Am. Orn. V, 1812, 91, jil. xliii. — Aud. Orn. Biog. I, 1831, 91 ; V, 

 1839, 555, pi. xvii. — NuTTALL, Man. 1,1832,626. Turtur earolinensis, Bklsson, 

 I, 110, pi. viii. Edopistes carolinensis. Rich. List, 1837. — Box. Birds Amer. V, 

 1842, 36, pi. cclxxxvi. Zenaidicra carolinensis, Bonap. Consp. Av. II, 1854, 84 (type). 

 — Baird, Birds N. Am. 1858, 604. — Reichenb. Handb. Taub. 19, tab. 249, f. 1380- 

 82. — Coop. & SucKL. 218. —Coop. Orn. Cal. I, 1870,512. Perissura carolinensis. 

 Cab. Cab. Jour. 1856, 111, 112 (type). Columba margUuda, Lixx. Syst. Nat. I, 1766, 

 286, No. 40 (best description). — Waglee, Sy.st. Av. 1827, No. 91. — Ib. Isis, 1831, 

 519. Edopistes ma.rginata, Giiay, List, Br. Mus. .? Ectopistes marginellus. Wood- 

 house, Pr. A. N. Sc. VI, .June, 1852, 104. — Ib. Expl. Zuni & Color. 1853, 93 ; Birds, 

 pi. V (Canadian river. Ark. Immature bird). ? Zcnaidiira marginella, Bonap. Consp. 

 Av. II, 1854, 85. 



Above bluish, although this is overlaid with light 



Zenaidura carolinensis. 



Sp. Char. Tail-feathers fourteen, 

 brownish-olive, leaving the blue pure 

 only on the top of the head, the 

 exterior of the wings, and the upper 

 surface of the tail, which is even 

 slightly tinged with this color. The 

 entire head, except the vertex, the 

 sides of the neck, and the under parts 

 generally, light brownish-vinaceous, 

 strongly tinged with purple on the 

 breast, becoming lighter behind, and 

 passing into brownish -yellow or 

 creamy-ochraceous on the anal 

 region, tibiaj, and under tail-coverts. 

 Sides of the neck with a patch of 

 metallic purplish-red. Sides of body 

 and inside of wings clear light blue. Wing-coverts and scapulars spotted with black, 

 mostly concealed, and a small oblong patch of the same, with a steel-blue reflection, 

 below the ear. Tail-feathers seen from below blackish, the outer web of outermost 

 white, the others tipped with the same, the color becoming more and more bluish to the 

 innermost, which is brown. Seen from above there is the same gradation from white to 

 light blue in the tips; the rest of the feather, however, is blue, with a bar of black 

 anterior to the light tip, which runs a little forward along the margin and shaft of the 

 feather. In the sixth feather the color is uniform bluish, with this bar; the seventh is 

 without a bar. Bill black, the angle of the mouth carmine. Female smaller, and with less 

 red beneath. Length of male, 12.8.5; wing, 5.75 ; tail, 6.70. Bare orbits pale blue, with 

 a green tint ; iris dark brown; feet lake-red. Young with the feathers of upper parts 

 and jugulum margined with paler ; the tints more brownish. 



Hab. Throughout United States from Atlantic to Pacific. Cuba; Middle America to 

 Panama. Localities: Oaxaca (Scl. 1859, 391); Cordova (1856,359); Guatemala (Ibis, 

 1,222); Cuba (Cab. J. IV, III; Guxdl. Rep. I, 1866,301); Honduras (Taylor, Ibis, 

 II, 227) ; Southeastern Texas (Dresser, Ibis, 1866, 24, breeds) ; Fort Whipple, Arizona 

 (CouES, P. A. N. S. 1866, 93) ; Costa Rica (Lavvr. IX, 139) ; Yucatan (IX, 207j. 



