440 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



Species and Varieties. 



C. cupido. Ground-color above yellowish-brown, tinged with grayish and 

 reddisli ; beneath white ; whole upper and lower parts variegated with 

 transverse bands, — those beneath regular, broad, sharply defined, and plain 

 dusky-brown, those above more broken, broader, and deep black. Head 

 bufi', with a broad vertical stripe, a broad one beneath the eye from bill to 

 ears, and a patch on lower side of auriculars, brownish-black. 



Tarsi clothed with long hair-like feathers, the bare posterior face 

 entirely hidden. Dark bars above, .30 or more in width, deep bl^k ; 

 those beneath, about .20 wide, and dark brown. Top of head nearly 

 uniformly blackish ; face-stripes dusky-black. Bill, .40 deep. .50 long ; 

 wing, 9.00. Hab. Prairies of the Mississippi Valley ; south to Louisi- 

 ana; formerly eastward to Long Island and Pennsylvania . . var. cupido. 

 Tarsi clothed with short feathers, the bare posterior face conspicuously 

 exposed. Dark bars above less than .20 in width, dark grayish-brown ; 

 those beneath about .10 wide, and pale grayish-brown. Top of head 

 with only a slight spotting of blackish ; face-markings reddish-brown. 

 Bill, .3.5 deep, .55 long, from nostril ; wing, 8.30. Hab. Southwestern 

 Prairies (Texas ?) var. paUi dicinctus. 



Cupidonia cupido, var. cupido, Baikd. 



PRAmiE HEN; PRAIRIE CHICKEN; PINNATED GROUSE. 



Tetrao cupido, Linn. Syst. Nat. I, 1758, 160. — Gm. I, 751. —Lath. Ind. Orn. II, 1790. 



— Wilson, Am. Orn. Ill, 1811, 104, pi. xxvii. — Bon. Mon. Tetrao, Am. Phil. Trans. 

 Ill, 1830, 392. — NuTTALL, Man. I, 662. — AuD. Orn. Biog. II, 1834, 490 ; V, 1839, 

 559, pi. clxxxvi. — Ib. Birds Amer. V, 1842, 93, pi. ccxcxvi. — Koch, Wiegmann's 

 Archiv, 1836, i, 159. — Max. Cab. J. VI, 1858, 439. Bonasa cupido, Stephens, 

 Shaw's Gen. Zool. XI, 299. — Gray, Cat. Brit. Mus. V, 1867, 88. Cupidonia ayneri- 

 cana, Reich. Av. Syst. Nat. 1850, p. xxix. — Bonap. Comptes Rendus, XLV, 1857, 

 428. Cupidonia cnpido, Baird, Birds N. Am. 1858, 628. —Elliot, P. A. N. S. 1864. 



— Ib. Monog. Tetraon. pi. — Dresser, Ibis, 1866, 26 (Brownsville, Texas). — May- 

 NARD, B. E. Mass. 1870, 138 (Martha's Vineyard, and Naushon Island, Mass.) 



Sp. Char. Male (10,006, Tremont, Illinois; W. I. Shaw). G-round-color above 

 ochraceous-brown, tinged with grayish ; beneath white, the feathers of the jugulum dark 

 rusty-chestnut beneath the surface. Head mostly deep buff. Upper parts much broken 

 by broad transverse spots, or irregular bars, of deep black, this color predominating large- 

 ly over the lighter tints. Primaries and tail plain dusky ; the former with roundish spots 

 of pale ochraceous on outer webs, the latter very narrowly tipped with white. Lower 

 parts with regular, continuous, sharply defined broad bars, or narrow bands, of clear 

 dusky-brown. A broad stripe of plain brownish-black on side of head, beneath the 

 eye, from rictus to end of auriculars ; a blotch of the same beneath the middle of the 

 auriculars, and the top of the head mostly blackish, leaving a broad superciliary and 

 maxillary stripe, and the whole throat immaculate buff. Neck-tufts 3.50 inches long, deep 

 black ; the longer ones uniform, the shorter with only the edge black, the whole middle 

 portion pale buff, shading into deep reddish-rusty next to the black. Wing, 9.00 ; tail, 

 4.50 ; bill, .40 deep by .50 long, from nostril ; tarsus, 2.10 ; middle toe, 1.85. Female 

 similar, but with shorter and inconspicuous cervical tufts. Young (25,998, Rockford, 

 Illinois ; Blackman). Above, inclu'ding tail, yellowish-brown ; feathers with conspicuous 

 white shaft-streaks and large blotches of deep black. Outer webs of primaries with 



