448 



NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



low coast forests to those of the mountains, we find agam equally dark 

 specimens, hut with grayish tails ; the araourif of gray increasing, and its 

 shade lightening, as we approach the central Eocky Mountains. 



The American species of Bonasa possesses a quite near analogue in the 

 B. sylvcsU'is, Bonap. {Tetrao honasia, Linn.), or Hazel Grouse, of Europe. 

 This species has almost exactly the same pattern of coloration (including 

 tail-markings), but is very much smaller, has the neck-tufts rudimentary 

 and white, and the throat black, instead of just the reverse. 



Bonasa umbellus, var. umbellus, Stephens. 



RUFFED GROUSE; PARTRIDGE; PHEASANT. 



Tetrao umhdlus, Linn. Syst. Nat. I, 1766, 275, 6. —Wilson, Am. Orn. VI, 1812, 46, pi 

 xlix. — Doughty, Cab. N. H. I, 1830, 13, pi. ii. — Aud. Orn. Biog. I, 1831, 211 

 V, 560, pi. xli. — Ib. Birds Anier. V, 1842, 72, pi. ccxeiii. Tetrao (Bonasia) iim 

 hcllus, Bonap. Syn. 1828, 126. —Ib. Mon. Tetrao, Am. Phil. Trans. Ill, 1830, 389 

 — NuTTALL, Man. 1, 1832, 657. Bonasa timbellus, Stephens, Shaw, Gen. Zool 

 XI, 1824, 300. — Bonap. Comptes Rendus, XLV, 1857, 428. — Baied, Birds N. Am 

 1858, 630. — Elliot, Monog. Tetr. pi. —Gray, Cat. Brit. Mus. V, 1867, 89. Tetrao 

 tocjatus, Linn. I, 1766, 275, 8. — Fop.ster, Philos. Trans. LXII, 1772, 393. Tetrao 

 tijmpaiius, Barteam, Travels in E. Florida, 1791, 290. Buffed Grouse, and Shoulder- 

 knot Grouse, Pennant & Latham. 



Sp. Char. Above ocliraceous-brown, finely mottled with grayish ; the scapulars and 

 wing-coverts with pale shaft-streaks, the rump and upper tail-coverts with medial cordate 



spots of pale grayish. Tail 



32312 



ochraceous-rufous, narrow- 

 ly barred with black, crossed 

 terminally with a narrow 

 band of pale ash, then a 

 broader one of black, this 

 preceded by another ashy 

 one. (In specimens from 

 the Alleghany Mountains 

 and New England States, 

 the tail usually more or less 

 grayish to the base, some- 

 times entirely destitute of 

 rufous tinge.) Throat and 

 foreneck ochraceous. Low- 

 er parts white (ochraceous 

 beneath the surface), with 

 broad transverse bars of 

 dilute brown, these mostly 

 concealed on the abdomen. 

 Lower tail-coverts pale 

 ochraceous, each with a terminal deltoid spot of white, bordered with dusky. Neck-tufts 

 brownish-black. Length, 18.00 ; wing, 7.20 ; tail, 7.00. Female smaller, and with the 

 neck-tufts less developed, but colors similar. Young (39,161, St. Stephen's, N. B. ; 

 G. A. Boardman). Brown above, and dingy-white beneath ; a rufous tinge on the scap- 



Bonasa wnbellus. 



