APPENDIX. 



511 



young birds. Of the former, many examples exactly match Audubon's type, while 

 others approach very closely Mr. Aiken's specimen in the spring plumao-e. The 

 young, however, are in a plumage entirely new. We give below descriptions of the 

 several stages of plumage : — 



Adult male in simng (No. 2,141, Mus. R. Pt., El Paso County, Colorado, May 6, 1873 ; 

 C. E. Aiken). Ground-color of the head deep buff, growing paler toward the throat, which 

 is white ; crown sharply streaked with deep black, the streaks aggregated laterally so as to 

 form two broken stripes ; a cuneate speck of black at the post-superior corner of the au- 

 riculars; maxillary stripe deep buff, bounded above and below by continuous stripes of 

 black, — one from the rictus along lower edge of cheeks, the other from side of chin down 

 side of throat. Above pale hair-brown, the feathers paler, or brownish-white, externally, 

 and brownish-black centrally. Beneath white, tinged with buff across the jugulum, where 

 thickly marked with cuneate streaks of deep black ; sides sparsely streaked, the streaks 

 more brown. "Legs and lower mandible flesh-color; upper mandible horn-color; toes 

 and claws dusky. Length, 5.62; extent, 9.04." Wing, 2.80; tail, 2.15; culmen, .45; 

 tarsus, .80; middle toe, .60. 



Adult female in summer, exactly similar, but rather smaller, and the colors duller and 

 paler. 



Young, in first plumage. Similar in general appearance to the adult in fall plumage, but 

 the markings more suffused. All the contour feathers of the dorsal surftice sharply bor- 

 dered terminally and laterally with white ; streaks on the breast heavier and shorter. 



Adult male in autumn (No. 1,113, Mus. C. E. A., El Paso County, Colorado, October 9, 

 1872).^ Ground-color of the head deep ochraceous, deepest on the middle of the crown, 

 and gradually fading to buffy-white on the throat ; feathers of the crown with broad, deep 

 black medial streaks, these narrower toward the middle, forming two lateral broadly black- 

 streaked areas, with an intervening, badly defined, deep-ochraceous, narrowly streaked 

 stripe. A distinct black spot behind the upper posterior corner of the auriculars; a 

 smaller one at the middle of their posterior edge, and two black streaks bordering the light- 

 ochraceous maxillary stripe, — a narrow one from the rictus along the lower edge of 

 the deeply ochraceous ear-coverts and suborbital region, and a heavy "bridle" on each 

 side of the throat. Lower parts buffy-white, fading into nearly pure white posteriorly ; 

 jugulum crossed by a series of heavy cuneate deep-black streaks, these continuing back- 

 ward along the sides, but becoming reddish on the flanks ; tibiae brownish-gray. Neck, 

 laterally and posteriorly, light ochraceous-yellow, each feather with a sharply defined 

 medial streak of black. Dorsal feathers deep black centrally, then hair-brown (not red- 

 dish), and broadly bordered with white, both laterally and terminally. Rump and upper 

 tail-coverts reddish hair-brown, each feather broadly bordered with buffy-white and with 

 a black shaft-streak. General aspect of the wings grayish-pinkish ochraceous, the feathers 

 all blackish centrally ; outer web of outer primary pure wdiite. Tail-feathers black, skirted 

 with whitis'h ashy-ochraceous, this becoming pure Avhite on the lateral pair of feathers, 

 the exterior of which is pale gray centrally. Lining of wing immaculate pure white. 



Wing, 3.00 ; tail, 2.40 ; culmen, .45 ; depth of bill, .23 ; tarsus, .85 ; middle toe, .63 ; 

 lateral toes, .20 shorter; hind toe, .35. End of the wing formed by the four outer quills, 

 of which the second and third are equal and longest, the first and fourth equal and just 

 appreciably shorter ; tertials considerably longer than the secondaries, and only .20 shorter 

 than the longest primaries. Tail deeply emar-ginated (fork .20 deep), the lateral feathers 

 longest. 



The following measurements of about thirty fresh specimens, kindly furnished 

 us by Dr. Coues, indicate the normal variation in size : " The males range from 



^ This specimen is the type of C. ochrocephalv^, Aiken, Am. Nat. VII, .\iiril, 1873, p. 236. 



