APPENDIX 529 



Tail {Continued). 



71. Tail coverts (Calypteria). The feathers overlying and covering the base of the tail 



feathers ; the 



72. Upper {stiperiores) being those above, and 



73. Lower (inferiores) those below ; sometimes concealing or projecting beyond the tail. 



F. The Wings {Alee). 



74. Wings (Alee). The anterior pair of limbs of the bird, used in flight. 



75. Primary quills, or quills of the first series; Hand-quills (Remiges primarice). 



The (usually) ten stiff feathers inserted on the hand or first joint (metacarpus and 

 digit), or from the bend of the wing to the tip. 



76. Secondary quills or quills of the second series; Arm-quills {Remiges seam- 



darii ; Pennoi cuhili). The inner quills, or those inserted along the posterior edge of 

 the forearm or cubitus. The innermost of these quills, sometimes longer or different 

 from the rest, are frequently called tertials. {Pennce tertiarice.) 



77. Bend of the wing {Flexura, Plica). The angle of junction of the hand-joint and that 



of the forearm. 



78. Armpit {Axilla). The under side of the insertion of the wing into the body. 



79. False or Bastard Twing {Alula). A series of several stiffened feathers on the edge of 



the wing, overlying and exterior to the primary quills, and inserted on the thumb joint 

 of the hand. 



80. Scapulars {Pennce scapulares). Stiffened feathers inserted on the shoulder-blade or the 



insertion of arm {humerus), and filling up the interval between the secondary quills 

 and the body. 



81. Axillars {Pennce axillares). Similar feathers connecting the under surface of the wing 



and the body, and concealed in the closed wing. 



82. Speculum, or Mirror {Speculum alee). A brilliantly colored portion of the wing 



especially in the ducks, over the extremities of the secondary quills, and framed in on 

 one side (in the closed wing) by the primary quills, or the other by the scapulars. 



83. Wing coverts (Tednces). The smaller feathers of the wing. The 



84. Upper (superiores) , side above or outer. The 



85. Lower {inferiores), below, or inside, and overlying the bases of the quills. These 



and the quills form the surfaces of the wings. 



86. Primary coverts (Tedncesp-imanoE). The feathers, which either 



87. Upper or 



88. Under overlie the bases of the primary quills. These are on the upper or 



under surface of the wing ; not often distinguished in descriptions. 



89. Secondary covexta {Tectrices secundar ice). The feathers which, as 



90. Upper and 



91. Under, cover the bases of the secondary quills, on the upper or under surface of 



the wings, being generally those referred to as " coverts." 



92. Greater coverts {Tectrices majores). The longest coverts projecting beyond the 



rest, and resting directly upon the bases of the secondary quills. 



93. Lesser coverts {Tectrices minores). The succession of many series of small 



feathers beginning at and covering the anterior edge of the wing, very small at 

 first and increasing in size behind. 



94. Middle coverts {Tectrices media;). One or more rows of coverts, intermediate 



in size as well as position, between the lesser and greater coverts. 

 VOL. III. 67 



