GLOSSARY. 



543 



Flex'or, 11. Generic name of a muscle that 

 bends a limb or any of its segments. 



Flexu'ra {alee), n. Bend of the wing ; carpal 

 angle ; salient angle or prominence formed at 

 the wrist when the wing is folded. (77.) 



Flex'ure, n. See Flexuha. 



Floc'culent, a. Pertaining to the peculiar 

 down of newly hatched or unfledged young 

 birds. (Not used in ornithology in its com- 

 mon sense oi flaky.) 



Floc'cus, 71. A peculiar kind of plumage of 

 simple structure (genei'ally downy), found in 

 unfledged birds, at flrst growing directly from 

 the skin, afterwards for the most part affixed 

 to the tip of the true feather, of whicli it is 

 the precursor, or rather the first-formed part ; 

 and finally falling ott". In psiloptedic bii'ds 

 the Hoccus is only associated with the true 

 plumage, sprouting from the future pterylre 

 alone ; in ptilopsedic birds it also s^jroucs 

 from the apteria, and in so far is unconnected 

 witli future plumage ; the whole body is in 

 such cases densely clothed. (Sandcrall.) 



F(e'tus, n. Same as Fetus (which see). 



Fol'licle, n. Minute secretory sac. 



FoLLic'ULAR, ) a. Having follicles ; composed 



FOLLIC'ULATE, \ of folUcleS. 



Foot, n. (112.) See Pes. 

 FuoT-JOiNT, n. Junction of toes collectively 

 with the metatarsus. (100.) See Podar- 



THRUM. 



Fora'men, w.; ])\. foram'ina. Hole; opening; 

 perforation. Foramen magnwm, the large 

 hole in the occipital Ijone transmitting the 

 neural axis. Foramen /aceram, irregular va- 

 cuity between certain bones at base of skull. 

 The foramen rotundum transmits the optic 

 nerve ; foramen ovale, the trigeminal nerve ; 

 the latter is also a name of the opening be- 

 tween right and left sides of the heart. 



Fore'iiead, n. Front of head from bill to 

 crown. (34.) See Frons. 



FoRE-NECK, a. Whole front of coUum, from chin 

 to breast ; whole throat. (51.) See Guttur. 



For'ficate, a. Deeply forked. 



Forked (tail), a. Having the outer feathers 

 longest, the rest gradually successively short- 

 ened to the middle pair ; when these are 

 again lengthened somewhat, the tail is said 

 to be doubly forked. 



Fos'sA, n. ; pi. fossa;. Ditch ; excavated place. 

 Used chiefly in the plural to denote the pits 

 or grooves in whicdi most l)irds' nostrils 

 open. 



Fos'siL, a. or n. Dug out of the ground. Par- 

 ticularly, any organized body, or remains, 

 trace, or mould of such body, naturally buried 

 in past time by geologic agencies. The Archce- 

 opteryx macrurus, of the Jurassic formation 

 of Solenhofen, a mesozoic bird, is the oldest 

 known ornithic fossil. 



Fosso'rial, a. Digging into the earth for a 

 habitation. 



Fcs'ter. This word and its various compounds 

 are used in their coniTnon senses in treating 

 of the relations of young cowbirds and young 

 cuckoos with the birds upon which they are 

 parasitic. 



Fo'vea, n. A slight depression. 



Free, a. Said of the leg when not enclosed to 



the knee in the common integitment of the 

 body. 



Fre'num, a. Bridle ; hence, any cheek-stripe. 



Fringe, n. Marginal membrane ; also, marginal 

 row of feathers. (135.) See Loma. 



Fringed Toe. (134.) 



Frons, n. Forehead. (34.) 



Fron'tal, a. Pertaining to the forehead. 



Fron'tal Bone, n. Principal bone of the fore- 

 head. 



Fron'tal Points. See Anti/E. (36.) 



Front of Tarsus. Instep. (104.) 



Frugiv'orous, a. Fruit-eating. 



Fulig'inous, a. Sooty-brown ; dark smoky 

 brown. 



Ful'vous, a. Of a brownish-yellow color. 



Fur'cate, a. Forked ; forficate. 



Fur'cula or Fur'culum, n. The merry-thought 

 or wish-bone ; the two clavicles or collar-bones 

 taken together. Also called os furcatuin. 



Fu.s'cous, a. Of a dark -brown color. 



Fu'siFOR.M, a. Spindle-shaped ; tapering at 

 each end. 



G. 



Gal'eate, a. Covered as with a lielmet ; said 

 of certain gallinules, coots, etc. 



Gall, n. Bile ; the secretion of the liver. 



Gall-blad'der, n. Membranous sac attached 

 to liver for holding bile. 



Gall-duct, n. Tube for conveyance of bile into 

 the intestine ; the ductus cholcdochus. 



Gallina'ceous, a. Belonging to the GaUince; 

 having the nature of the domestic fowl. 



Gang'lion, 71. ; pi. ganglia. Natural knot-like 

 enlargement of a nerve. 



Gape, n. Opening of the mouth ; area of the 

 opened mouth. (28.) Compare Rictus and 

 Commissure. 



Gastr^e'um, 71. The whole under part of a 

 bird. (16.) 



Gas'tric, a. Pertaining to the stomach or 

 belly. The gastric juice of birds is the secre- 

 tion of the proventriculus, or follicular stom- 

 ach, not of the gizzard or grinding muscular 

 stomach. 



Gastrocne'mius, n. A muscle of the back of 

 the leg. 



Gemel'li, n. pi. The twins ; certain muscles 

 of the pelvis. 



Ge'na, n. Cheek ; feathered side of under man- 

 dible. (43.) See Malar Region. 



Gen'erative Or'gans, n. Organs of reproduc- 

 tion in either sex. 



Gener'ic, n. Pertaining to a genus ; as, ge- 

 neric character, generic description. 



Gen'esis, n. Act, mode, or conditions of repro- 

 duction. In science, genesis notes rather the 

 laws and results of origination of individuals 

 or species. The "genesis of .species" is a 

 term e(|uivali'nt to the evolution of species 

 from antecedent forms, with some ; with oth- 

 ers, their origination by creative fiat. 



Genet'ic, a. Pertaining to genesis. Genetic 

 descent, or genetic succession in species, is 

 maintained by those who hold the theory of 

 evolution. 



Ge'nu, n. Kiu'C ; joint of femur with tibia. 



Ge'nus, n. ; pi. ge7i'era. An assemblage of 



