544 



GLOSSARY. 



species, or a single species, constituting a 

 taxonoinic group of value next below that of 

 the family. 



Gen'ys, n. See GoNYS. 



Ger'minal Ves'icle, n. Cell in the vitellus 

 having a dark spot. 



Gibbose', I a. Swollen ; protuberant ; humped ; 



Gib'bous, \ hunched. 



GiBBOs'iTY, 11. A swelling or protuberance. 



Gige'rium, n. Gizzard. 



Gin'OxLYMUS, n. Hinge-joint. The knee and 

 elbow are ginghjmoid, or hinged joints. 



Glab'rous, a. Smooth. 



Gland, n. A soft fleshy organ, in which fluids 

 of the body are modified to i'orm new pro- 

 ducts, to be used in, or eliminated from, the 

 economy. Bat some organs without ducts, 

 and the function of which is unknown, are 

 called gJdiuls, as the thymus, thyroid, and 

 pineal. The liver is the largest gland of the 

 body. The proventriculus is &gIa7idicUir organ. 



Glan'dular, a. Pertaining to glands ; having 

 glands ; consisting of glands. 



Glan.s, 51. Head of the penis. 



Glos'sa or Glot'ta, n. Tongue. 



Glos'so-hy'al, n. Principal bone of the tongue. 



Glo.s'so-pharyn'geal, a. Pertaining to the 

 tongue and jaws. A certain nerve is so called. 



Glu't^al, a. Pertaining to the buttocks ; 

 certain muscles are so called. 



Glu't^us, n. A muscle of the side of the rump. 



Gnathid'h'M, n.; \A. gnathidin. Branch of 

 the lower jaw as far as it is naked. (Oftener 

 used in the plural.) (24.) 



Gnathothe'ca, n. Covering of the lower man- 

 dible. (14.) 



Gokyde'al, a. 

 symphysis. 



Go'nys, n. Keel or lower outline of the bill as 

 far as the mandibular rami are united. (The 

 word is commonly but erroneously so written, 

 as if from the Greek gonu, knee, or protu- 

 berance of the bill ; it is rather from the Greek 

 genus (genys), signifying chin. — Sundcvall.) 



Gor'get, n. Throat-patch, distinguished by 

 color or texture of the feathers. 



Gra'dient, a. Walking or running by steps. 

 Opposed to saJfAitori/, or leajiing. 



Grad'uated, a. Clianging length at regular 

 intervals, in regular su(;cession ; said chiefly 

 of the tail when its feathers regularly shoiten 

 successively bj' more and more from the mid- 

 dle to the outer. 



Graminiv'orous, a. 



Graniv'orous, a. 



Gran'ulate, a. Roughened with numerous 

 small elevations, like shagreen. (Said chiefly 

 of the tarsus.) 



Greater Wing-cov'erts, n. The single, lon- 

 gest, most posterior series of the secondary 

 set. (92.) 



Ground-col'or (in oolog;/), n. The color of the 

 general surface of the egg-shell, as distin- 

 guished from its markings. 



Gi;ypan'ium, a. Noting a particular form of 

 bill, in which the culmen is nearly straight, 

 but bent down at the tip. 



Gu'la, n. Upper foreneck, adjoining chin ; 

 upper throat. (52.) 



Gu'lar, a. Pertaining to the upper foreneck. 



Pertaining to the mandibular 



Grass-eating. 

 Seed-eating. 



Gut'tate, 71. Having drop-shaped spots. 



Gut'tiform, a. Drop-shaped. 



Gut'tur, n. The whole foreneck. (51.) (But 

 guttural is rarely used in this connection.) 



Gymnop^'dic, 71. Synonymous with psilo- 

 2)oedic. 



Gymnorhi'nal, a. Having unfeathered nos- 

 trils. 



H. 



Hab'itat, 71. Locality or region frequented by 

 a species ; its geogra})hiral distribution. 



Hab'itus, «. Habitude ; mode of life. 



Hack'le, «. Long cervical feather of the do- 

 mestic cock. 



H.e'mal Arch, 7i. The lower ring of a (ideal- 

 ly or actually) complete vertebra, enclosing a 

 section of the princi])al vascular and visceral 

 systems, as the neural arch does a section of 

 the principal nervous system. In birds tha 

 hffimal arch is com^Dlete only in the thoracic 

 region. 



Hje'mal Spine, m. An ideal transverse section 

 of the sternum corresponding to any one pair 

 of ribs, completing the htemal arch interi- 

 orly. 



H^mapoph'ysis, 71. Segment, actual or poten- 

 tial, of the hsemal arch between the pleura- 

 pojihysis and haemal spine. In birds it ac- 

 tually exists in the thoracic region, as the 

 sternal 7'ib, movably articulated with the 

 steinum and the vertelnal rib, which latter 

 is the pleurapojihysis. 



H^matit'ic, a. Of a bloody-red color. 



HvEMATother'ma, 71. Warm-blooded animals 

 collectively ; the antithesis is hccmntocrya. 



Hal'lucal, a. Pertaining to the hallux. 



Hal'lux, 7?. The hind toe. The name is re- 

 tained, even when the hind toe is brought 

 round to the front. W^hen the toes are in 

 pairs, it is the inner of the two hind ones, 

 excepting in Trogonidai. In the genus Pi- 

 coides the actual single hind toe is not the 

 hallux, but the fourth toe reversed, there be- 

 ing no hallux. This toe may always be 

 recognized by presence of not more than two 

 joints. It is the one usually wanting in three- 

 toed birds, and is frequently rudimentary or 

 functionless, even when present. Its large 

 size, with largest claw, and specialization of 

 its flexor muscle, marks the passerine or 

 highest group of birds. (129.) (Sometimes 

 written liallex or allex.) 



Halo'nes, 71. pi. Certain appearances of the 

 yolk, probably due to the margins of its suc- 

 cessive layers. 



Ham'ulate, a. Hooked. 



Ham'ulus, 71. ; pi. hamuli. Hooked fringe of 

 a barbule ; hooked barbicel. 



Hand-quills, n. Primary remiges. (75.) 



Has'tate, a. Spear-head shaped. 



Head, 7i. (9, 29.) 



Heel, 71. (107.) See Calcaneus and Talus. 

 Up])er back part of tarso-metatarsus (tarsus 

 or shank), rarely resting on the ground in 

 birds when .standing erect. (Commonly, but 

 most improperly, called knee.) 



Heel-joint, n. (103.) See Suffrago. The 

 tibio-tarsal articulation, as it is called ; that 



