648 



GLOSSARY. 



Man'dible, ) n. Jaw. Properly the under 



Manuib'ula, \ jaw, the upper jaw being max- 

 illa. (11.) 



Mandib'ular, a. Pertaining to the under jaw. 

 {Maxillary relates to tlie upper jaw.) 



Manduca'i'ION, n. Mastication. 



Mandu'catory, a. Pertaining to mastica- 

 tion. 



Mantle, n. (61.) See Stragulum and Pal- 

 lium. 



Manu'brium Ster'ni, n. (Literally "handle.") 

 Process of breast-bone on front border at root 

 of keel. 



Man'us, n. Hand ; all of the wing, excepting 

 the feathers, which lies beyond the wrist ; the 

 metacarpus and digits, with associate soft 

 parts. It corresponds with -pes. 



Mar'bling, n. Fine spotting and streaking 

 intermixed ; variegation like marble. The 

 markings are more distinct than in clouding 

 or nebulation. 



Mar'ginal Fringe, n. See Loma. (135.) 



Mar'go, ?i. Margin. Margo menfalis, inner 

 boundary of the forks of the mandible. 3Iar- 

 go malaris, boundary of the base of the 

 mala. 



Marsu'pium, 11. Vascular, erectile, membra- 

 nous organ in the back chamber of the eye of 

 birds, supposed to aid in accommodation of 

 vision. Also called pecten. 



Masse'ter, n. One of the muscles that effect 

 mastication. 



Ma.s'tax, 11. "Side of the forepart of head, 

 adjacent to the base of the bill." (37.) (Lit- 

 tle used, and undistinguished from lore.) 



Mas'toid, a. Name of a process of the tem- 

 poral bone. 



Ma'trix, 11. Mould. 



ing something and determining its form or 

 other condition. 



Maxil'la, 11. Jaw, especially the upper jaw, 

 or maxilla superior ; the maxilla inferior be- 

 ing especially called mandibiila. (10.) 



Max'illar, Max'illary, a. Pertaining to the 

 upper jaw. Maxillary bone, the cheek-bone ; 

 in birds an inconsiderable bone of the bill it- 

 self, not of the cheek. 



Max'illo-pal'atine (bone), n. Certain paired 



bone of the upper jaw in the palate. 

 Mea'tus, 11. Passage or canal. Meatus audi- 



torius, ear-passage. 

 Me'dian, a. Lying in the middle line. Opposed 



to lateral. 

 Mediasti'num, 11. One of the thoracic par- 

 titions. 

 Medul'la, n. Marrow. Medulla spinalis, spi- 

 nal cord. Medulla oblongata, tract of nerve 

 matter between cerebellum and spinal cord 

 proper. 

 Mel'anism, 11. State of coloration resulting 

 from excess of black or dark pigment ; a fre- 

 quent condition of hawks. 



Melanls'tic, j Affected with melanism. 



Melanot'ic, ) 



Mem'brana Putam'inis, n. The lining mem- 

 brane of the egg-shell, formed of dense modi- 

 fied albumen. 



Mem'brane, n. Thin soft sheet of various 

 structure covering a part or organ. Cerebral 

 or spinal membrane. See Meninges. Nicti- 



Tissue or organ contain- 



tating membrane, the third or inner eyelid 

 of birds, which sweeps across the ball. Soft 

 skinny covering of the bill of many birds is 

 said to be membranous. Webbing of the toes 

 is the interdigital membrane. Loma is a 

 fringed membrane. 



Mem'brum, 11.; pi. membra. Any limb, or 

 otlier peripheral part, as a bill, as distin- 

 guished I'rom body proper or truncus. 



Menin'ges, n. pi. Envelopes of the brain or 

 spinal cord ; especially the dura mater and 

 2ria mater. (The singular, meninx, is scarcely 

 used. ) 



Men'tal, a. Pertaining to the chin. 



Men'tum, 11. Chin ; soft parts between the 

 branches of the lower jaw. 



Mesenceph'alon, 11. A certain brain-tract, the 

 second from behind. 



Mesenter'ic, a. Pertaining to the mesentery. 



Mics'entery, n. A fold of the peritoneum 

 binding the intestines in place. 



Mesera'ic, a. Same as Mesenteric (which 

 see). 



Me'sial, a. Li the middle ; same as median. 



Meso- {in composition). ]\Iiddle ; median. 



Mesomet'rium, 11. Partially muscular perito- 

 neal fold sup})orting the oviduct. 



Mesoriii'nium, 11. Portion of bill between the 

 nostrils. (Little used.) 



Mesoster'num, n. Middle segment of the 

 breast-bone. 



Metacar'pal, a. or n. Pertaining to the me- 

 tacarpus ; particularly the metacarpal bone. 



Metacar'pus, 11. Hand, exclusive of the fin- 

 gers ; segment of the wing between the carpus 

 and the digits. 



Metagnath'ous, a. Cross-billed ; having the 

 points of the mandibles passing each other on 

 the right and left. 



Metatar'sal, a. Pertaining to the metatar- 

 sus ; particularly the metatarsal bone. 



Metatar'sus, n. Foot, exclusive of the toes ; 

 segment of the leg between the tarsus and the 

 digits, commonly called the shank, and in de- 

 scriptive ornithology usually known as the 

 tarsus. The metatarsus, however, has a distal 

 tarsal ossicle confluent with it, so that it is 

 actually tarso-metatarsus. In birds, the me- 

 tatarsus proper (exclusive of the confluent 

 tarsal bone) consists of tliree parallel meta- 

 tarsal bones, more or less completely conflu- 

 ent, and of the associated accessory metatarsal 

 bone which bears the hallux. Compare 

 Tarsus. 



Metatar'sus Hal'lucis, n. The accessory me- 

 tatarsal bone, as just said. 



Mid'dle Toe, n. The third toe in order of reck- 

 oning, with few exceptionsfour-jointed. When 

 the fourth toe is reversed, as in all zygodac- 

 tyle birds except trogons, it becomes the 

 outer anterior toe ; in trogons, and a few 

 birds in which the true inner or second toe is 

 wanting, it becomes the inner anterior toe. 

 It is never versatile. It rarely has only three 

 joints, like the second toe. (128.) 



Mid'dle Wing-cov'erts, or Me'dian Cov'erts. 

 The series of upper coverts of the secondary 

 set, situate in one or more rows between the 

 greater and lesser coverts. They are usually 

 recognized by their overlapping each other 



