558 



GLOSSARY. 



birds, there are no persistently separate tarsal 

 bones, since the two proximal ones are con- 

 fluent with the extremity of the tibia, form- 

 ing its so-called malleoli, and the distal one 

 anchyloses with the metatarsus, leaving the 

 tarsal joint between them, as in reptiles, not 

 between the tarsal bones and the tibia, as in 

 mammalia. But, in descriptive ornitliology, 

 the whole segment between the tibia and the 

 toes, commonly called the shank, is usually 

 called tarsus. See, also, Tarso-metA'I'ARSUS 

 and Metatarsus. (103^.) (N. B. In the 

 foregoing " Explanation," etc., the word tor- 

 sus is defined as used in descriptions, not in its 

 morphologically correct sense.) 

 Tar'sus, Back OF. (10(5.) See Planta Tarsi. 

 Tar'sus, Booted. (111.) See Boot. 

 Taxider'my, a. Art of })reparing and preserv- 

 ing skins so as to represent the apjjearance of 

 the living animal. 

 Taxonuji'ic, a. Classificatory. 

 Taxon'omy, n. Classification ; rational ar- 

 rangement according to some scientific prin- 

 ciple. Biotaxy. 

 Tec'trfces, 11. pi. Coverts ; the smaller 

 feathers, either of wing or tail, but especially 

 of the former ; tail-coverts being calypteria. 

 (72, 73, 83.) 

 Tec'trices ALiE, 1%. "pl. Wing-coverts. 

 Tec'trices Cauce, 11. j)^- Tail-coverts. 

 Tec'trices Inferio'res, n. pi. Under coverts. 



(73.) 

 Tec'trices Perver's.e, n. pi. Median upper 



wing-coverts, of the secondary set. 

 Tec'trices Superio'res, n. pi. Upper cov- 

 erts. (72.) 

 Teg'mina, 11. fl. Same as tccirices. 

 Teo'ument, 11. Same as integument. 

 Teleolog'ical, a. Relating to teleology. 

 Teleol'ogy, 71. Doctrine of final causes ; sci- 

 ence of adaptation of means to ends. 

 Tem'ples, n. pi. (44.) See Tempora. 

 Tem'pora, 11. pi. Temples ; portion of sides 

 of head between eyes and ears. (Scarcely 

 used. ) 

 Ten'do or Ten'don, n. Fibrous cord or band 

 of attachment of muscle to bone or other 

 parts; a "leader." Tendo achillis, ham- 

 string. 

 Texuuios'tral, a. Slender-billed. 

 Teratol'ogy% 11. Science of monsters. 

 Te'res or Te'rete, a. Cylindrical and taper- 

 ing ; fusiform. Also, name of a muscle. 

 Ter'gum, 71. Lower back, between interscapili- 

 um and nropygium. (Not well distinguished, 

 and little used.) (59.) 

 Ter'minal, a. At the end. 

 Terminolog'ical, a. Eelating to terminology. 

 Terminol'ogy, 11. Science of calling things 

 by their right names according to some deter- 

 mined principle. Nomenclatui'e. 

 Ter'tials, Ter'tiaries, n. pJ. Large inner 

 quills of wing growing from humerus or elbow. 

 The two or three longer inner true secondaries 

 (which see) are often incorrectly called tertials, 

 especially when distinguished by size, shape 

 or color from the rest of the secondaries. 

 (76.) 

 Tes'tis, 11. ; ])1. testes. Testicles ; male organs 

 secreting spermatozoa. 



One of those forming 



Tetradac'tyle, a. Four-toed. 

 Thal'amus, 11. A certain tract of the brain. 

 The'ca, 71. Sheath. 

 The'nar, a. Palmar ; plantar. 

 The'ory, 11. Scientific speculation. Philo- 

 sophical explanation. l!e.sult of inference 

 from established princijiles. 

 Thermog'enoijs, u. Heat-producing, as all 



vital processes are. 

 Thigh, n. Segment of leg between hip and 



knee. (97.) 

 Thorac'ic, a. Pertaining to the chest. 

 Tuo'rax, 11. The chest ; segment of the body 

 enclosed by ribs, sternum, and certain verte- 

 brae, containing heart and lungs. 

 Throat, n. See Gula. (52.) 

 Thumb, n. In birds, the so-called thumb, upon 

 which the alula, or bastard wing, grows, is 

 homologicallj'' the index-finger. Penguins 

 lack this segment. 

 Thy'ROHy'al, n. An element of the hyoid bone. 

 Th\''roid, a. Shield-shaped. Name of princi- 

 pal laryngeal cartilage. 

 Thy'roid Car'tilage. 



the larynx. 



Tib'ia, 11. Priucipal and inner bone of leg be- 

 tween knee and heel ; tlie shin-bone. 

 Tib'ial, a. Pertaining to the tibia. 

 Toe, Toes, n. (116.) 



ToMiUM, 11.; pi. tomia. The cutting edge of 

 the bill. There is a su})erior or maxillary 

 tomiuin, and an inferior or mandibular to- 

 mium; each is double (i. e. right and left) ; 

 together they are the tomia, mutually apposed 

 when the mouth is shut. 

 Top of Toes. (117.) See Acrodactylum. 

 Tor'quate, a. Ringed ; collared. 

 Tor'ques, n. Ring or collar of color or of 

 feathers otherwise distinguished. Lewis's 

 woodpecker has a cervical torques both in 

 color and texture of the feathers. 

 Totipal'mate, a. Having all four toes webbed. 



Same as steganojwdous. 

 Trach'ea, 11. Windpipe. 



Transverse', a. Crosswise ; in direction at 



right angle with longitudinal axis of the body. 



Tread {of the cock), n. Cicatriculum ; molecule. 



See Yolk. 

 Tri- (in comjms^ition). Thrice ; treble. 

 Tri'ceps, ?!-. A certain extensor muscle of wing 



and leg. 

 Tridac'tyle, ff. Three-toed. 

 Trigem'imus, a. for ?i. A certain cranial nerve. 

 Trihe'dral, a. Three-sided. 

 Triv'ial, a. Said of a specific name. Opposed 



to generic. 

 Trochan'ter, 11. Prominence at top of femur. 

 Troch'lea, 11. A pulley ; smooth bony surface 



over which a tendon plays. 

 Trun'cate, «. Cut squarely oif. 

 Trun'cus, 11. Trunk ; body without its mem- 

 bers. (56.) 

 Tuber'culum, n. Tubercle ; a little lump or 



elevation. 

 Tu'nic, n. Enveloping membrane of various 



organs. 

 Tu'nica Albugin'ea, n. Dense whitish mem- 

 branous investment of the testicles. 

 Tlr'binar, a. Scroll-like ; name of certain 

 bones of nasal passages. 



