26 BETULACEAE. 
Winter-character references to Betulaceae. 
Alnus Alnobetula. Schneider, f. 160. A. firma. Shira- 
Sawa, 231, pl. 1. <A. glutinosa (A. vulgaris). Blakeslee & 
Jarvis, 426; Bosemann, 56; Fant, 30, f. 30; Schneider, f. 17, 
58, 113; Ward, 1:206, f. 106; Willkomm, 4, 21, f. 17. A. in- 
cand. Blakeslee & Jarvis, 426, pl.; Bosemann, 56; Fant, 30; 
Schneider, f. 112; Willkomm, 6, 21, f. 18. A. incana glauca. 
Shirasawa, 230, pl. 1. A. japonica. Shirasawa, 230, pl. 1. A. 
rugosa (A. serrulata). Blakeslee & Jarvis, 426. A. viridis. 
Willkomm, 911, 22, f. 19. A. viridis sibirica. Shirasawa, 
231; pl. 
Betula alpestris. Fant, 15. B. Bhojpattra. Shirasawa, 
246, pl. 4. B. fruticosa. Fant, 16; Zuccarini, 18, pl. 10. B. 
globispica. Shirasawa, 246, pl. 4. B. grossa. Shirasawa, 251, 
pl. 5. B. humilis. Bosemann, 74; Fant, 15; Schneider, f. 161; 
Willkomm, 20, f. 16. B. lenta. Blakeslee & Jarvis, 337; 414, 
pl.; Otis, 86. B. lutea. Blakeslee & Jarvis, 337, 416, pl.; Otis, 
88. B. Mazximowicziana. Shirasawa, 252, pl. 5. B. nana. 
Bosemann, 74; Fant, 16; Schneider, f. 161. B. nigra. Blakes- 
lee & Jarvis, 337, 418, pl.; Brendel, pl. 3; Hitchcock (1), 3. 
B. papyrifera (B. alba papyrifera). Blakeslee & Jarvis, 337, 
422, pl.; Otis, 90; Shirasawa, 246, pl. 4. B. pendula (formerly 
called B. alba; B. odorata). Blakeslee & Jarvis, 337, 424, pl.; 
Bosemann, 73; Fant,.15, f. 6; Ward, 1:232, £. 119, 238, f. 120; 
Willkomm, 4, 20, f. 14, 15; Zuccarini, 17, pl. 10. B. pendula 
verrucosa. Schneider, f. 36, 160; Shirasawa, 246, pl. 4. B. 
populifolia. Blakeslee & Jarvis, 337, 420, pl.; Schneider, f. 161. 
B. pubescens (B. alba). Schneider, f. 160; Willkomm, 20, f. 
15. B. ulmifolia. Shirasawa, 252, pl. 5. 
Areschoug’s Beitrage zur Biologie der Holzgewichse, a 
unique analysis of bud- and branch-specialization in which 
Betula figures, was published in volume 12 of Lunds Univer- 
sitets Aarsskrift, in 1877, after many years of critical obser- 
vation. A decade later its author made his principal con- 
clusions more accessible in. volume 9 of the Botanische 
Jahrbiicher. 
