40 ULMAGCEAE. 
ZELKOVA. 
(Family Ulmaceae). 
Moderate-sized trees with some- 
what exfoliating bark: deciduous. 
Twigs slender, zig-zag, terete: 
pith small, roundish, spongy ex- 
cept at the nodes, pale. Buds 
solitary or collaterally branching, 
ovoid, sessile, somewhat oblique, 
with 4 or 5 pairs of 4-ranked 
scales, the end bud lacking. Leaf- 
scars alternate, 2-ranked, little 
raised, crescent-shaped or ellipti- 
cal, small: bundle traces 3, more 
or less confluent: stipule-scars 
unequal, one elongated. (Abe- 
licea). 
Buds relatively large (23 mm.): 
glabrate. (1). Z. serrata. 
Buds small (searcely 11.5 mm.): 
pubescent. Z. crenata. 
Winter-character references to 
Ulmaceae (except Ulmus) :—Aph- 
ananthe aspera. Shirasawa, 265, pl. 8—Celtis australis. 
Schneider, f. 166.—C. occidentalis. Blakeslee & Jarvis, 331, 
464, pl.; Brendel, 27, 29, pl. 4; Hitchcock (1), 3; (3), 17; 
(4), 137, f. 88-9; Otis, 130; Schaffner, Ohio Naturalist, 2:173; 
3:328; Schneider, f. 136, 166.—C. sinensis. Shirasawa, 263, pl. 
8.—Planera aquatica. Schneider, f. 135.—Zelkova serrata (un- 
der various names).—Schneider, f. 2, 53, 166; Shirasawa, 267, 
nl. 9. 
Zelkova has been much confused with other genera. For 
our purposes it differs in its 2- and not 4-ranked bud-scales 
from other Ulmaceae,—a family merged in the Urticaceae, 
with the Moraceae, by many botanists. 
