58 
BERBERIDACEAE. 
Winter-characters of Berberis Thunbergii or B. vulgaris 
are given by Bosemann, 48; Fant, 26, f. 24; Schneider, f. 80; 
Shirasawa, 49, pl. 5; Ward, 1:200, f. 101; and Willkomm, 45, 
f. 76. 
4, 
2. 
12. 
More or less evergreen: twigs brownish or purplish. 2. 
Promptly deciduous. 6. 
Twigs pubescent. 3. 
Twigs glabrous. 4. 
. Leaves broad (10-20 mm.), toothed: twigs puberulent. 
(1). B. concinna. 
Leaves narrow (2-4 mm.), entire: twigs velvety. 
(2). B. stenophylia. 
. Leaves very narrow (2 mm.), entire, revolute. 
B. empetrifolia. 
Leaves broader. 5. 
. Twigs angled, not roughened. B. buxifolia. 
Twigs not angled, granular. B. verruculosa. 
. Twigs glabrous. 7. 
Twigs pubescent. 13. 
. Twigs finely very warty, slightly angled. B. canadensis. 
Twigs not or scarcely roughened. 8. 
. Spine-branches mostly 5-7, often dichotomous. 
(3). B. Fendleri. 
Spine-branches 1 or mostly 3, simple. 9. 
. Spines long (20-40 mm.), terete. (4). B. Julianae. 
Spines shorter (15 mm.), grooved or dilated. 10. 
. Twigs gray or buff. (Barberry). (5). B. vulgaris. 
‘Twigs red or orange, or brown or purple. 11. 
. Twigs somewhat glaucous. B. koreana. 
Twigs not glaucous. 12. 
Compact and low-spreading. (6). B. Thunbergii. 
Bushy and rather tall. B. Sieboldii. 
Twigs reddish, very minutely puberlent. B. aggregata. 
13. 
Twigs buff or gray, dingy-velvety. B. brachypoda. 
