62 MAGNOLIACEAE. 
LIRIODENDRON. Tulip Tree. 
(Family Magnoliaceae). 
Large trees: deciduous. Twigs 
aromatic, moderate, terete: wood 
green: pith rounded, pale, con- 
tinuous, with firmer diaphragms 
at short intervals. Buds solitary 
or superposed, the lateral or lower 
small, rounded and sessile or in- 
distinct, the terminal larger, ob- 
long and somewhat stalked, com- 
pressed or 2-edged, with 2 valvate 
scales. Leaf-scars alternate, rather 
large, round, low: bundle-traces a 
dozen or more in an irregular 
ellipse or scattered: stipule-scars 
linear, encircling the twig. Fruit, 
in the form of cone-like aggre- 
gates, is often present in winter. 
The bark of Liriodendron is 
strikingly different from that of 
any other common tree in being 
longitudinally fissured with con- 
necting cross-strands, so as to suggest a series of parallel 
mountain ridges with deep gullies in their sides. The flat- 
tened winter buds are favorite objects for easy dissection. 
Each is enclosed by a pair of scales representing the stipules 
of the lowermost leaf of the next year: these separate easily 
at their edges and when removed reveal the leaf. The process 
may be continued several times. At the center, if the bud 
be a flower-bud, rudiments of this organ are to be seen in a 
fair stage of development.—References under Schizandra. 
Glabrous: twigs and buds glossy red- or purplish-brown. 
L. Tulipifera. 
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