HAMAMELIDACEAE. 85 
LIQUIDAMBAR. Sweet Gum. 
(Family Hamamelidaceae). 
More or less percurrent and coni- 
cial trees: deciduous. Twigs 
moderate, roundish and smooth 
or with variously developed corky 
ridges or thick wings: pith angled 
or somewhat star-shaped, subcon- 
tinuous, brownish. Buds solitary, 
sessile or sometimes developing 
into spurs the first season, ovoid, 
the lateral often reduced and 
flattened against the twig; when 
well developed, with half-a-dozen 
exposed scales. Leaf-scars alter- 
nate, half-elliptical or triangular, 
somewhat raised: bundle-traces 3, 
large: stipule-scars lacking. 
Winter-character references:— 
L. Maximowiczii. Shirasawa, 254, 
pl. 6. JL. orientale. Schneider, f. 
107. L. Styraciflua. Blakeslee & 
Jarvis, 332, 334, 480, pl.; Brendel, 
pl. 2; Schneider, f. 11, 23. 
Twigs glabrescent: bud-scales ciliate. L. Styracifiua. 
Like Betula and some other trees, Liquidambar is very 
apt to show a short basal elongation of many buds before the 
first winter. 
The sweet gum, like bur oak, rock elm and some other 
trees, is sometimes found with round thin-barked twigs, and 
sometimes has its twigs furnished with thick corky ridges, 
especially on the upper side. Cases of this kind have been 
made the subject of an extensive paper published by Miss 
Gregory in the Botanical Gazette for 1888 and 1889. 
