104 ROSACEAE. 
Pyrus. Pear. Apple. 
(Family Rosaceae). 
Shrubs or usually moderate- 
sized trees: deciduous. Twigs 
moderate, rounded or somewhat 
angled from the nodes, occasion- 
ally ending in spines: pith some- 
what angular, continuous. Buds 
moderate, solitary, sessile, with 
about 4 exposed scales more or 
less keeled above, the end-bud 
sometimes wanting. Leaf-scars al- 
ternate, somewhat raised or the 
nodes swollen below them, linear 
or U-shaped: bundle-traces 3: 
stipule-scars lacking. The first 
two species represent Pyrus in the 
restricted sense, the apples often 
being segregated in a genus Valus. 
Dwarf fruiting branches or 
spurs are particularly familiar in 
this genus. An extensive study of 
the winter storage of starch, begun 
on the apple, is published by Halsted in the second volume 
of Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club.—References under 
Raphiolepis. 
1. Glabrous: bud-scales submucronate, not margined. 2. 
Buds, at least, often pubescent, their scales sometimes 
margined. 3. 
2. Twigs olive: lenticels inconspicuous. (1). P. communis. 
-Twigs red-brown: lenticels conspicuous. (2). P. sinensis. 
3. Buds blunt-ovoid: scales subobtuse. (3). P. Malus. 
Buds conical-oblong: scales acute. (Wild Crabs). 4. 
4. Twigs glabrate. P. coronarius. 
Persistently woolly. (4). P. ioensis. 
