192 AQUIFOLIACEAE. 
looked for, they are of diagnostic value as between Jlex and 
Nemopanthus. 
On the large-leaved evergreen 
hollies some leaves are entire and 
others pungently toothed in the 
same species—sometimes even on 
the same plant, and correspond- 
ents of the Gardeners’ Chronicle 
(1853, pp. 630, 646; 1864, p. 25)" 
have discussed this. Assumption 
that the toothing of leaves within 
reach of grazing animals is a pro- 
tective adaptation which is lost 
when it becomes unnecessary is 
typical of many teleological as- 
sumptions that have brought the 
entire category of so-called adap- 
tations into more or less unde- 
served disrepute. The idea of 
aging or maturity, paralleled in 
the ivy, as causative is embodied 
in Gaudin’s name, /lex Aquifo- 
lium senescens, for the entire- 
leaved holly of Europe. 
1. Deciduous. 2. 
Evergreen. 10. 
2. Twigs dingy-tomentulose. (1)... 4. 6errata. 
Twigs at most sparingly puberulent. 3. 
3. Often very divaricately twiggy. (2). I. decidua. 
Not stiffly twiggy. 4. 
4. Buds appressed, pointed. 5. 
Buds spreading, blunt. 6. 
5. Buds 2 mm. long: pedicels short. (3). I. monticola. 
Buds smaller: pedicels very long (15 mm.). (4).I. geniculata. 
6. Bud-scales obtuse: sepals ciliate. 7. 
Bud-scales acute: sepals glabrous. 9. 
