212 RHAMNACEAE. 
ZIZYPHUS. Jujube. 
(Family Rhamnaceae). 
Shrubs or trees, more or less 
armed with pungent stipules: de- 
ciduous in the North. Twigs 
terete, stout, with spurs bearing 
clustered-scars and very slender 
zig-zag shoots: pith small and 
brownish and spongy, or larger 
and continuous. Buds minute, 
rounded, very obliquely sessile, 
solitary, or in some species super- 
posed, with several scarcely dis- 
tinguishable scales, the end-bud 
lacking. Leaf-scars alternate, 2- 
ranked, minute, elliptical or tri- 
angular, low: bundle-trace 1 or 
fragmented, indistinct: stipule- 
scars small and round, or the sti- 
pules forming short spines. 
Winter-character references:— 
Zizyphus sativa (Z. vulgaris). 
Schneider, f. 69; Shirasawa, 235, 
pl. 2.—According to the belief of many people the food of the 
African lotus eaters was the fruit of a species of Zizyphus, 
which, in this belief, botanists have called Z. Lotus. 
1. Tomentose: spines stout, curved. (2). Z. Jujuba. 
At most puberulent. 2. 
2. With slender spines, one straight. Z. sativa. 
Unarmed. (1). Z. sativa inermis. 
