ERICACEAE. 285 
CHAMAEDAPHNE. Cassandra. 
(Family Ericaceae). 
Bog shrubs: evergreen. Twigs 
slender, roundish, at first puberu- 
lent and scurfy, then with shred- 
ding gray bark, and finally smooth 
and deep red-brown: pith small, 
roundish, continuous. Buds soli- 
tary, sessile, small, globose and 
with about 3 exposed scales or be- 
coming oblong in expansion. Leaf- 
scars alternate, minute, low, cres- 
cent-shaped: bundle-trace 1: sti- 
pule-scars lacking. Leaves simple, 
entire, scurfy beneath. The small 
depressed-globose  5-celled cap- 
sules, with persistent scurfy calyx 
and 2-bracted at base, are present 
in winter. 
A peculiar interest attaches to 
many bog plants in that although 
they grow with their roots in 
water they have leaves that are 
woolly beneath as in Ledum, or of firm structure or scurfy as 
in Chamaedaphne, or very glaucous beneath as in Vaccinium 
Oxycoccus, or with their stomata in grooves between the mid- 
rib and the revolute margin. These are characters usually 
connected with plants that scarcely obtain enough water; 
and, in fact, these bog plants really cannot absorb a suffii- 
ciency of water and so experience the condition of physiologi- 
cal if not of actual physical drought. 
Leaves relatively broad, flat. (Leather leaf). (1). C. calyculata. 
Leaves narrow, crisped. C. calyculata angustifolia. 
