APOCYNACEAE. 323 
Carissa. Amatungulu. 
(Family Apocynaceae). 
Shrubs with milky sap, usually 
with many forking axillary terete 
spines: evergreen. Twigs terete: 
pith moderate, spongy. Buds soli- 
tary, sessile, small, ovoid, with 1 
or 2 pairs of exposed scales, or, 
when spines are present, these are 
above the axillary buds. Leaf- 
scars opposite, crescent-shaped, 
elevated: bundle-trace 1: stipule- 
scars lacking. Leaves simple, en- 
tire. 
Carissa Arduina, as C. bispinosa 
is usually called, is familiar in 
greenhouses and is grown out-of- 
doors in parts of the South for its 
large fragrant white flowers. The 
branches of its regularly forking 
spines are produced from the 
axils of small leaf-scales corres- 
ponding in arrangement to the 
opposite foliage leaves, the end-bud being abortive. 
Glabrous: branches green, glossy: leaves deltoid-ovate. 
C. bispinosa. 
