350 CAPRIFOLIACEAE. 
confused with Cornus and Acer, though in each genus some 
species stand out unmistakably as belonging to it. The na- 
tive high-bush cranberry, V. americanum, not too easily dis- 
tinguished in summer from its European counterpart, V. 
Opulus, is believed by some nurserymen to differ from the 
latter in golden rather than brown or reddish winter twigs. 
1. Evergreen. 2. 
Deciduous. 6. 
2. Leaves entire or denticulate: more or less pubescent. 3. 
Leaves usually distinctly toothed: glabrous. 5. 
3. Leaves neither woolly nor impressed-veiny. 4. 
Leaves impressed-veiny, tomentose beneath. 
V. rhytidophyllum. 
4. Glabrate or the leaves ciliate. VY. Tinus. 
Hirsute. V. rigidum. 
5. Leaves crenate: twigs slender. VY. suspensum. 
Leaves serrate to subentire: twigs stouter. 
V. odoratissimum. 
6. Buds naked, stellate-scurfy, like the twigs. 7. 
Buds scaly. 11. 
7. Leaf-scars very broad: twigs glossy-purple. V. alnifolium. 
Leaf-scars narrow: twigs dull, usually brown. 8. 
8. Dwarf: twigs slender (scarcely 3 mm.). V. Carlesii. 
Tall: twigs stouter (4-5 mm.). 9. 
9. Twigs soon gray. V. macrocephalum. 
Twigs brownish straw-colored. 10. 
10. Seurf at first dense: lenticels prominent. (1.). V. Lantana. 
Scurf sparse: lenticels inconspicuous. V. cotinifolium. 
11. Leaf-scars broad, meeting. V. Sieboldii. 
Leaf-scars relatively narrow. 12. 
12. Scales closely valvate or connate as a closed sac. 13. 
Outer scales parted, mostly short. 22. 
13. Buds ovoid, globose, green. 14. 
Buds subovoid, stellate-scurfy. V. tomentosum. 
Buds oblong or flask-shaped, mostly appressed, scurfy. 17. 
