CAPRIFOLIACEAE. 359 
SampBucus. Elder. 
(Family Caprifoliaceae). 
Open shrubs, or exceptionally 
arborescent: deciduous. Twigs 
more or less 6- or 8- or 10-sided 
or angled, stout: pith very large 
and soft, continuous. Buds soli- 
tary or multiple, the larger some- 
what stalked and occasionally de- 
veloping the first year, ovoid or 
the smaller depressed, with 3-5 
pairs of scales: end-bud mostly 
lacking. Leaf-scars opposite or 
exceptionally in whorls of 3, 
broadly crescent-shaped or 3- or 
4-sided, large, low, more or less 
transversely connected: bundle- 
traces 3 or 5 or 7: stipule-scars 
usually lacking. 
Winter-character references:— 
Sambucus canadensis. Brendel, 
28, pl. 1; Hitchcock (3), 16, (4), 
137, £ Ti-79... 8s, nigra. |) Bose 
mann, 65; Fant, 45, f. 49; Schneider, f. 20, 202; Ward, 1:58, 
f. 75; Willkomm, 9, 49, f..89. S. racemosa. Bosemann, 65; 
Schneider, f. 202; Willkomm, 4, 7, 50, f. 90. S. racemosa Sie- 
boldiana. Shirasawa, 277. 
1, 
2. 
Pith white: buds rather small (4 mm.), often superposed. 2. 
Pith brown: bundle-traces mostly three. 3. 
Lenticels moderate. (1). S. canadensis. 
Lenticels very numerous and prominent. S. nigra. 
. Buds rather small, often multiple. S. racemosa. 
Buds large (10 mm.), solitary. S. pubens. 
