GLOSSARY . 365 
Bundle-traces. The points on a leaf-scar where woody strands 
passed from the stem into the leaf; their number and 
position afford good winter-distinctions, and usually they 
are constant in number and position for a given species. 
Some entire families are characterized by the number. of 
their bundle-traces: 1 in Myrtaceae and Ericaceae, 2 in 
Ginkgoaceae, etc. In long narrow leaf-scars their num- 
ber is usually greater in the species with longer scars 
(3 to 5 in maple). Frequently the common number 3 is 
increased by the fragmentation or division of one or all 
into a corresponding number of groups of aggregated 
traces (species of maple, Juglandaceae, elm). In Olea- 
ceae, which frequently have 1 transversely elongated bun- 
dle-trace, this may be transformed into a nearly closed el- 
lipse, either uninterrupted or broken at rather short 
intervals. Rather exceptionally, numerous bundle-traces 
occur scattered over the leaf-scar, as in oak.—See, fur- 
ther, foliar gaps. 
Burl. A knot or woody growth of very irregular grain, usu- 
ally because of the continued activity of many slowly 
developing buds or branch-rudiments. 
Buttressed. With supporting wings (mahogany trunk). 
Caducous. Falling away early (bud-scales of clethra). 
Calyx. The outer floral envelope, consisting of sepals. 
Canes. The long shoots of blackberry, grape, etc. 
Canescent. Ash-colored, with gray hairs. 
Capsule. A dry dehiscent fruit (rose-of-sharon, mock orange). 
Cataphyls. Scales or leaf rudiments on the lower part of a 
stem. 
Catkin. The simple elongated flower-cluster of willow, ete. 
Cauliflorous. Flowering on the trunk or on specialized spurs 
from it or from the larger branches (redbud, cacao). 
-celled. Referring to the number of seed-cavities in a fruit. 
Chaffy. With flattened hairs (chiogenes); thin and chaff-like 
(coca scales). 
