GLOSSARY 369 
early in the season (linden), or killed in winter (bram- 
ble). 
Endogenous. Inside-growing. Applied formerly to stems of 
Monocotyledoneae, which have the wood in fibers scat- 
tered through the stem. 
Entire. Neither toothed nor lobed, as applied to leaves. 
Epidermis. The outer layer of cells covering a leaf or a 
young twig; often detached from the latter as a thin 
gray pellicle. 
Epiphyte. A plant growing on another without being a para- 
site (conservatory orchids), or on a rock or tree-trunk 
(mosses, lichens). Contrasted usually with plants rooted 
in the soil; sometimes with parasites. 
Epitrophic. More nourished and developed on the upper side 
(horizontal branches of linden). 
Erect. Contrasted with spreading, appressed, prostrate, ete. 
Evanescent. Quickly disappearing. 
Evergreen. Holding or constituting green foliage through 
the winter. 
Excavated. Hollowed out, as applied to pith, making the 
stem fistulous. 
Exfoliating. Peeling away (bark of canoe birch). 
Exogenous. Outside growing. Applied formerly to the stems 
of Dicotyledoneae and Gymnospermae, which have the 
wood in a zone between pith and bark and add. to it by 
annual growth. 
Extra-axillary or supra-axillary. Above rather than in the 
axil-. 
Faleate. Sickle-shaped (leaves of mature blue gum). 
Fascicled. Clustered, like leaves on a spur of barberry. 
Fastigiate. With upright branches (Lombardy poplar). 
Fibrous-flaking. Flaking in narrow shreds (bark of osage 
orange). 
Filiform. Thread-like and slender (chiogenes stem). 
Fimbriate. Fringed: perhaps more properly with a torn 
membrane. 
