378 GLOSSARY 
fallen. Many ‘“berry-like”’ fruits are really small pomes 
(cotoneaster ). 
Preformed. Already with definite shape or structure (leaves 
within the bud). 
Prehensile. Clasping, coiling in response to touch (tendrils). 
Prickle. A pungent outgrowth of a stem or leaf, not repre- 
senting a modified form of either member (rose). 
Prominent. Standing out, usually in the literal sense. 
Pruinose. Encrusted with wax, very glaucous (bayberry 
fruit). 
Puberulent. Minutely pubescent. 
Pubescence. Collective name for the hairs of a plant. 
Pubescent. With hairs, in contrast with glabrous: sometimes 
used to designate the presence of soft short hairs in con- 
trast with villous, hispid, ete. 
Punctate. Marked with small points: dotted. 
Pungent. With a sharp hard point: acrid in taste or odor. 
Raceme. An elongated unbranched cluster of stalked flowers. 
Racemed or racemose. In racemes. 
Rachis. The axis along which the leaflets of a pinnate leaf 
are arranged (tamarind). 
Rachis-spine. A spine metamorphosed from a leaf-rachis. 
Ranks. As applied to leaf-scars, the longitudinal series in 
which these are arranged on the stem; usually 2, 3, 5 
or 8 when they are alternate, and twice as many as the 
scars at a node when these are opposite or whorled; also 
applied to bud-scales. 
Receptacle. The part of a stem that bears the floral organs 
or, when enlarged, the flower (cashew apple) or flowers 
(fig). 
Reduced. Smaller or simpler than usual, as commonly ap- 
plied. 
Resin. A hardening gum, as loosely used. 
