380 GLOSSARY 
Sheathing. Forming a (frequently tubular) sheath (sea 
grape stipules). 
Shield-shaped. Of the conventional shield-form (leaf scar of 
cyrilla): peltate (scale-chaff of oleaster). 
Shredding. Falling away in shreds (bark of grape). 
Shrub. A woody plant not becoming a tree: usually the 
equivalent of the colloquial word bush, which also ex- 
cludes climbers. 
Silky. With soft appressed hairs. 
Simple. Not compound, of one part (ivy leaf; maple bundle- 
traces). 
Sinuate. With wavy margin, as applied to leaves. é 
Smooth. Not roughened, not warty: wrongly used for gla- 
brous. 
Soft-wooded. Suffruticose, not fully lignified, as here used. 
Spatulate. Oblong with the upper part rather abruptly 
widened. 
Spermatophytes. Seed-plants: flowering plants. 
Spine. A specialized pungent form of the leaf (barberry) or 
its stipules (locust) or rachis (pea-tree); or of a twig 
(hawthorn). Contrasted with prickle. 
Spinescent. Turning into spines. 
Spirally arranged. Leaves or their equivalent that are 
neither opposite nor whorled and not 2-ranked. 
Spongy. Porous, suggesting a sponge, as applied to pith. 
Spreading. Not closely appressed to the twig (buds) or the 
surface (hairs); horizontal as applied to branches. 
Spur. A dwarf-branch, as applied to twigs (larch, birch), 
often bearing the flower-buds (pear). 
Stalked. Elongated perceptibly below the lowest scales, as 
applied to buds (alder). 
Staminate. Producing stamens or pollen-organs, but not pis- 
til (tassel of corn, “male” cottonwood). 
