8 MACACUS. 
the molars of the right side, and a part of the dental series 
of the left side, together with the two middle incisors, and 
the right canine. Fragments of two other lower jaws and 
an entire astragalus were subsequently discovered by these 
gentlemen. All these remains were entirely fossilized, and 
impregnated with the hydrate of iron, and they satistac- 
torily confirmed the conclusions of Lieutenants Baker and 
Durand, that a large species of Semnopithecus had coexisted 
with the Sivatherium and the Hippopotamus, and had, like 
these and other strange quadrupeds of the tertiary period 
in India, become extinct. 
The fossil Quadrumane of the fresh-water tertiary strata 
of the South of France, was determined by M. Lartet,* 
upon the conclusive evidence of an almost complete lower 
jaw with all the teeth in situ. This fossil, which was 
originally referred to the Gibbons (y/obates), which imme- 
diately follow the Orangs in the Quadrumanous series, 1s 
more correctly regarded by M. de Blainville, on account 
of the conformation of the crown of the last molar tooth, 
which is much more like that of the Kocene Macacque or 
Semnopitheque, than that of a Gibbon, as the representative 
of an extinct genus intermediate between Hylobates and 
Semnopithecus. 
As if it were intended that the antiquity of the Quadru- 
manous order should be put beyond all doubt, the indepen- 
dent testimony of Dr. Lund, a Danish naturalist resident 
in Brazil, was added to those of the observers in the East 
Indies and South of France. Very shortly after the an- 
nouncement of the fossil Quadrumana in those countries, 
Dr. Lund, unacquainted with their discoveries, thus ad- 
dressed the Academy of Sciences at Copenhagen, on the 
subject of his own paleontological researches :— 
* Comptes rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, January and April 1837 ; and 
De Blainville, Ostéographie, Primates fossiles, p. 53. 
