10 MACACUS. 
present, it was not of so strictly tropical a character as to 
favour the full development of the Quadrumanous type. 
The formation at Sansan near Auch, in which M. Lartet 
discovered the quadrumanous fossils allied to the Gibbon, 
is regarded by Mr. Lyell as probably of the Miocene, or 
middle tertiary period. In the same formation were found 
remains of Mastodon, Dinotheriwm, and many other extinct 
quadrupeds. 
With respect to the deposit at Kyson, in which the 
remains of the JZacacus cocanus were discovered, it consists 
of layers of white and yellow sand, which had been pierced 
to the depth of twelve feet without reaching the bottom. 
Above the sand is a bed of brown clay, which has been 
laid open to the depth of twelve feet. Both the clay 
and sand are dug for making bricks. Mr. Lyell says, ‘as 
the clay at Kyson is covered by red crag at a short 
distance from the pits, and as I had seen clay of the same 
colour beneath the crag in the neighbouring cliffs of Bawd- 
sey, and also at Felixstow and Harwich, containing Septaria, 
and, as at Harwich, the imbedded shells, fruits, and bones 
of Turtle, are such as characterise the London Clay, I enter- 
tained no doubt that the Kyson formation belonged to the 
Kocene period.” My subsequent discovery of the Hyraco- 
therium, an extinct genus of Pachyderms, whose fossil re- 
mains have hitherto been met with only in the London 
Clay, and of the vertebre of the great extinct British Boa- 
constrictor (Paleophis),* equally characteristic of that 
formation, in the same bed at Kyson from which the fossil 
Macacque was obtained, places its geological antiquity be- 
yond question. 
* Annals of Natural History, vol. iy. p. 189. 
