78 URSID&. 
History, however, points to a period when this island was 
infested by Bears and Wolves; but the superficial drift de- 
posits, turbaries, limestone caverns, and the more recent 
tertiary strata have yielded evidence, not only of the re- 
mains of the common Bear and Wolf, but of other more 
strange and formidable beasts of prey, which appear to 
have perished anterior to the records of the Human race. 
The Brown Bear (Ursus Arctos) infested the mountainous 
parts of Scotland, according to Pennant, so late as the year 
1057, and the most recent formations in England contain ~ 
remains which can scarcely be regarded as fossil, and which, 
if not perfectly identical with, indicate only a variety of the 
same species which is still common in many parts of the 
European Continent. Of these remains, the most perfect is 
the entire skull, figured at fig. 24, of a bear, discovered in 
Manea Fen, Cambridgeshire, five feet below the surface : 
it is preserved in the Woodwardian Museum, at Cam- 
bridge, and forms one of the very numerous and valuable 
additions to that collection made by Professor Sedgwick, to 
whom I am indebted for the opportunity of describing and 
figuring the specimen. I have, likewise, to acknowledge 
the liberal transmission by Sir P. de M. Grey Egerton, of 
a considerable part of the upper jaw and an entire under 
jaw of the same species of bear from the same locality, 
which have aided me in the comparisons instituted between 
these remains and the known existing and extinct species of 
Ursus. 
In size the Bear of the Fen was very little inferior to the 
great extinct Cave-bear (Ursus speleus), but it may be 
readily supposed that the Brown Bear and Black Bear of 
Kurope have degenerated from the stature to which their 
progenitors, enjoying a wider range and more varied and 
nobler prey, attained. 
