88 URSID&. 
the antepenultimate grinder and the canine is relatively 
less than in the Cave Bear (U. speleus), and it contains 
two small and simple premolars in specimens, which, from 
the worn state of the molar teeth, have belonged to older 
individuals than those Cave Bears whose skulls show no 
trace of premolars. 
The superiority of size, and some other characters which 
distinguish the great Ursus speleus, have been pointed out 
in the works of Résenmuller, of Soemmerring, of Goldfuss, 
and of Cuvier: the most striking distinction is the con- 
vex elevation of the forehead, and the sudden sinking of 
the coneave line, which leads forwards to the nasal bones. 
This character is well shown in the fine fossil cranium, 
from the cavern of Gailenreuth (jig. 28); which is imtro- 
duced at the head of the present section in the absence of 
the opportunity of representing the same character in a 
British specimen of the skull of the Ursus speleus. 
The evidence of the former existence of this extinct 
species in England is derived from the lower jaw and 
other bones of the skeleton, especially the humerus and 
femur, and from teeth, either detached, or in situ in the 
lower jaw. 
M. de Blainville, however, the latest author on the rela- 
tions of recent and fossil Bears, concludes a detailed sum- 
mary of the characters indicated by his predecessors in 
proof of the specific distinction of the Ursus speleus, by the 
statement, that it differs in no respect in its osteology or 
dentition from the characters which he has found in the 
Ursus Arctos, and especially in the Ursus ferox.* 
* “ Dapres ces différentes considérations, nous regardons comme presque hors 
de doute que les cranes de l’Ours fossile attribués a l’U. speleus proviennent d’in- 
dividus adultes du sexe male les plus vigoureux, et ne constituent nullement une 
espece. Et en effet, toutes les parties characteristiques que nous ayons exposées 
dans notre Ostéographie et dans notre Odontographie, ne présentent rien de dif- 
