ELEPHAS PRIMIGENIUS,. 235 
With regard to the first-cited exception, the following 
is the result of a close comparison instituted between it 
and a corresponding grinder of the Indian Elephant. 
The fossil in question is an inferior molar of the right 
side of the lower jaw. It exhibits the most complete 
state in which so large a grinder can be met with, the 
anterior division of the crown not being quite worn down 
to the fang, and the hindmost plate being just on the 
point of coming into use. The whole length of the tooth 
is thirteen inches; the total number of lamellar divisions 
of the crown seventeen, of which the summits of fourteen 
are abraded in a grinding surface of nine inches’ extent. 
The greatest breadth of this surface is two inches and a 
half. The first three fangs supporting the common den- 
tinal base of the anterior lamelle are well developed. 
The transverse ridges of enamel are festooned. Compared 
with the thin-plated grinders of the Mammoth, these differ 
not only in their more numerous, thinner, and broader 
plates, but likewise in the thicker coat of external cement 
which fills the lateral interspaces of the coronal plates, 
and in having the fangs developed from the whole base 
of the tooth, even from the posterior plate, the summit 
of the mammillary process of which has just begun to 
be abraded. But from the corresponding molar of the 
Indian Elephant, the present tooth of the Mammoth differs 
in the more equable length of the coronal plates, which 
in the Elephant, by their more progressive elongation, 
give a triangular figure to the side-view of the crown ; it 
differs also in the greater length of the grinding surface, 
which includes two additional plates, although these are 
not thmner and are not characterized by superior breadth 
as in the ordinary teeth of the Mammoth. 
These differences from the teeth of the Indian Elephant, 
