ELEPHAS PRIMIGENIUS. 253 
A humerus of the Mammoth, wanting the proximal end, 
from Clacton, Essex, in the collection of Mr. Brown of 
Stanway, measures two feet ten inches in length, and fifteen 
inches six lines in median circumference, showing the thicker 
proportions as compared with the existing Elephant. 
The bones of the fore leg of the Mammoth from British 
localities have not offered any characters worthy of notice. 
In the figure of the Siberian Mammoth, (fig. 85,) 7 is the 
radius; w the ulna. 
Of the bones of the fore foot, the specimens obtained by 
Mr. Ball from the brick-loam near Grays, Essex, must 
have belonged to a Mammoth as large as that which 
furnished the great humerus from Cromer above described. 
The following are the comparative dimensions of some of 
those bones and of their analogues in the skeleton of Chuny, 
the great Asiatic Elephant of Exeter Change : — 
El. primigenius. El, Asiaticus. 
In. Lin, In. Lin. 
Os magnum, vertical diameter : : 4 3 By 
Middle metacarpal, length 5 . OO i o+0 
Middle breadth of distal end : . 4 9 3.64 
Mr. J. Wickham Flower possesses a fine and perfect 
specimen of the femur of the Mammoth from the Essex 
till, which offers the usual characteristic of the extinct 
species in the relatively narrower posterior interspace 
between the two condyles and in the thicker shaft. The 
outer ridge of the femur extends about two-thirds down 
the bone. The following are some of its dimensions, com- 
pared with that of the Indian Elephant : — 
El. primigenius. El, Indicus. 
Ft. In. Lin. Ft. In. Lin, 
Length c 5 . . ; Se 0 a 1) 
Breadth across proximal end C : eal 6G I -l «0 
Breadth across back part of condyles . OR ao oO 4 
Circumference of shaft . ee TAG ie OO 
