MASTODON ANGUSTIDENS. 295 
and that the Mastodon angustidens differs from the Mas- 
todon giganteus in this, as well as other respects, viz., that 
both the inferior tusks are retained in the male, instead of 
one only, as in some of the American specimens. The 
portion of inferior tusk of the Mastodon from Eppelsheim, 
in the cabinet of the Earl of Enniskillen, to which reference 
has already been made, belongs to the left side; whilst 
that from the crag at Norwich, is from the right side of 
the jaw. The two sockets in the entire elongated symphy- 
sis first discovered at Eppelsheim, are of equal size. 
For the reasons above adduced, I assign the fragment 
of the tusk discovered by Mr. Fitch, to an adult male of 
the Mastodon angustidens, and all the Mastodontal molar 
teeth which have hitherto been discovered in British strata 
to the same species.* 
From the age assigned to the fluvio-marine crag, and to 
some of the continental formations, from which remains of 
the Mastodon angustidens have been obtained, it would 
seem that this species preceded the Mammoth in Europe, 
and was of older date than the Mastodon giganteus of North 
America.f No remains of the Elephas primigenius, at least, 
have hitherto been discovered in the miocene or older plio- 
cene strata at Eppelsheim which have yielded the most com- 
*~ Dr. Kaup also cites as the character of his Mastodon longirostris, that the last 
molar tooth has five pairs of cones, and a well marked posterior basal ridge (cing 
pointes doubles et un talon bien prononeé); but Cuyier refers similar ultimate 
molar teeth, as the upper one from Trevoux, (pl. i. ‘ Divers Mastodontes,’ fig. 5,) 
and the lower one from Padua, (ib. pl. iy. fig. 2), to his species ‘a dents €troites.’ 
Cuvier likewise figures a last molar tooth zz sw in the lower jaw with four pairs 
of cones, and the fifth pair reduced to a talon or basal ridge ; but, if this speci- 
men, which was brought by Dombey from Peru, be of the same species with 
the European ‘ Mastodontes a dentes étroites,’ it will merely illustrate, as I 
have before shewn, an analogous range of individual variety in the configuration 
of this complex tooth in the Mastodon angustidens, which has been proved to exist 
in the same tooth of the AZast. giganteus. 
+ See Mr. Lyell’s Paper‘ On the Geological Position of the Mastodon gigaun- 
feus,’ in the Proceedings of the Geological Society, February 1, 1843. 
