RHINOCEROS TICHORHINUS. 345 
and the herbivorous species appear to have perished by 
accidentally falling into the cavernous fissures before they 
were filled up by the mud, clay, and drift. 
The remains of the Rhinoceros discovered in the cave at 
Kirkdale, tell a very different story: they manifest, as Dr. 
Buckland has demonstrated, abundant evidence of the action 
of the powerful jaws and teeth of the Hyznas, whose copros 
and vestigia prove that ancient cavern to have been a place 
of refuge to those Carnivora.* The fossil bones of the Rhi- 
noceroses found in this cavern, as well as in that near Tor- 
quay, called Kent’s Hole, belonged to animals which 
inhabited England during the period immediately pre- 
ceding the deposition of the unstratified drift, and they 
coexisted with the Mammoth, Hippopotamus, huge 
Aurochs, Ox and Deer, which likewise became the occa- 
sional prey of the Hyenas, whose dwelling-place was 
thus converted into a kind of charnel-house of the large 
Herbivora. 
The circumstances under which remains of the Rhino- 
ceros have been discovered in the limestone caves of the 
Mendips, and in those on Durdham Down, lead to similar 
explanations of their mode of introduction. 
The humerus of a Rhinoceros was discovered, associated 
with remains of the Hyena spelea, in one of the caves in 
the carboniferous limestone at Cefn in Denbighshire, at 
a height of about one hundred feet above the present 
drainage of the country.f The Rev. Mr. Wilson, of Ley- 
ton, has kindly submitted to my examination a collection 
* Ante, pp. 141—147. 
+ These caves were described by the Rev. Edward Stanley, now Bishop of 
Norwich, in the proceedings of the Geological Society, vol. i. p. 402, Mr. Mur- 
chison remarks (Silurian System, p. 552,) that the evidence produced is scarcely 
adequate to sustain the inference that the cave was inhabited, though it affords 
satisfactory proof that such wild animals then existed in an adjacent region. 
