LARGE FOSSIL HIPPOPOTAMUS. 411 
fossil Rhinoceroses, differs most essentially in the absence 
of the third trochanter, or process from the middle of the 
outer side. It may be distinguished from the femur of 
the great Ruminants, as the Aurochs or Giraffe, by the 
head being more detached from the shaft and more sphe- 
rical, and by the superior development of the lower ex- 
tremity, especially the back part of the condyles. 
The astragalus is a very characteristic bone: its anterior 
surface (fig. 150), which, as in other hoofed quadrupeds 
with toes in even number, is almost equally divided by 
a low vertical ridge into two articulations, differs from 
that m the Ruminants and the Hog by the slight con- 
cavity of those facets: there is also a well-marked arti- 
cular surface on the outer side of the bone for the lower 
end of the fibula, and a similar one on the inner side for 
the lower end of the tibia or internal malleolus. The 
anterior view of the astragalus of the Rhinoceros (fig. 149) 
is placed by the side of that of the Hippopotamus to show 
the unequal division of the anterior (scapho-cuboid) arti- 
cular surface, characteristic of the hoofed quadrupeds with 
toes in uneven number, as the Horse, the Rhinoceros and 
the Elephant. 
The fluviatile accumulations of sand and gravel at Crop- 
thorne, near Evesham, in Worcestershire, in which Mr. 
Strickland discovered the remains of the Hippopotamus, 
Bear, Aurochs, and other extinct Mammals, constitute 
terrace-like hillocks, from one to four miles distant from the 
present bed of the Avon, above which their summits rise to 
a height of forty feet. They are very analogous to the 
deposits on the banks of the Thames, in which the remains 
of the Hippopotamus were discovered in such abundance by 
Mr. Trimmer. The value of Mr. Strickland’s discovery 
is greatly enhanced by the care with which the shells of 
