BOS PRIMIGENIUS. 505 
the six remaining cervical vertebre, thirteen dorsal and 
six lumbar vertebre ; thus yielding another important 
character by which this great primeval Ox agrees with 
the domestic species of the present day. One of the dorsal 
vertebrae, which retains its spinous process, measures one 
foot seven inches in height, 
a development not greater 
than might have been expected for the support of the 
head and horns. One of the scapule shows a diseased 
external surface, ossific inflammation having extended 
from two depressions in the bone, probably inflicted by 
the horns of another bull in conflict. The metacarpal and 
metatarsal bones (fig. 209) give additional exemplifications 
of the true Bovine character of the present extinct species 
by their stronger proportions, as compared with those of 
the Aurochs (fig. 207). 
Mr. Brown, of Stanway, has recorded his discovery, 
in a mass of drift-sand overlying the London clay at 
Clacton on the Essex coast, of the frontal part of the 
cranium, with the cores of the horns of a large Bovine 
animal, which, from the origin, direction, and degree, of cur- 
vature of the horns, agrees with the fossil Bos primigenius.* 
Each core measured three feet along the outer curve from 
the base to the tip, the chord of the are of such curve 
being eight inches; the diameter of the base was six inches 
in one direction and five inches in the other. With these 
parts of the Bos primigenius was found a perfect Mammoth’s 
molar tooth, eleven inches m length, eight inches in depth, 
and three inches across the grinding surface. 
Mr. H. Woods, A.L.S., has published a good descrip- 
tion and figures of the cranial part of the skull and horn- 
cores of the Los primigenius, which were discovered in 1838 
in the bed of the Avon, about two hundred yards below 
* ‘Magazine of Natural History,’ New Series, 1838. p. 163, 
