510 BOVID. 
or variety were described in my ‘ Report on British Fossil 
Mammalia.’ 
Had no other localities for the Bos longifrons been 
known than that of the Hunterian specimen, the species 
might have been held to be of later date than the Bos 
primigenius and Bison priscus, of whose existence, as the 
contemporaries of the Mammoth and tichorhine Rhi- 
noceros, we have had such satisfactory evidence ; I have, 
however, been so fortunate as to find, in the survey of the 
collections of Mammalian Fossils in the eastern counties of 
England, some indubitable specimens of the Bos longifrons 
from freshwater deposits, which are rich in the remains of 
Elephas and Rhinoceros. 
Mr. Brown of Stanway has obtained the back part of 
the cranium with the horn-cores from the freshwater 
newer pliocene deposits at Clacton, and also the frontal 
part of the skull and horn-cores from similar forma- 
tions at Walton, both on the Essex coast. Remains 
of the Bos longifrons have also been found in the fresh- 
water drift at Kensington, associated with those of the 
Mammoth. 
This small but ancient species or variety of Ox belongs, 
like our present cattle, to the subgenus Bos, as is shown 
by the form of the forehead, and by the origin of the horns 
from the extremities of the occipital ridge (fig. 211) ; but 
it differs from the contemporary Bos primigenius, not only 
by its great inferiority of size, being smaller than the 
ordinary breeds of domestic cattle, but also by the horns 
being proportionally much smaller and shorter, as well as 
differently directed, and by the forehead being less con- 
eave. It is, indeed, usually flat; and the frontal bones 
extend further beyond the orbits, before they join the 
nasal bones, than in the Bos primigenius. The horn-cores 
