308 Report op the Horticulturist of the 



cultivation by Pale Red, figure 2, plate XIT, has thinner smooth 

 leaves, lobes plaited and toothed and leaf stalks hairy and a 

 little rough. In autumn the bark of the new shoots is of a pale 

 straw color; the two year old bark is gray, and as it peels off 

 it leaves the smooth reddish brown bark of the older canes. 



The spines when present are commonly short and borne si ugly 

 beneath the axil of the leaf, or smaller ones may be scattered 

 irregularly along the stem. The fruit is small to medium in size, 

 smooth, of a clear reddish green color deepening to purple when 

 fully ripe. The greenish flowers, one or more on very short ped- 

 uncles, have a smooth ovary, and the style and stamens are 

 hardly longer than the bell-shaped, smooth calyx. Houghton, 

 which is one of the best known varieties of this species, has 

 stronger and more numerous spines than are typical; see figure 2. 

 Downing, a seedling of Houghton, has shorter spines and leaves 

 plaited or folded towards the midrib and main veins more like the 

 typical oxyacanthoides, see figure 2, but the characters of its pure 

 seedlings have proved it to be a hybrid between this species and 

 Grossularia. Its hybrid origin is indicated by its shorter and 

 thicker buds and spines and its rather stout, scarcely curving 

 canes. Smith (Improved), Pearl and the American Red Jacket 

 are also considered hybrids between this species and the Euro- 

 pean species. Pale Red is probably the best type of this species 

 found among the named varieties. 



Some characters of the American species GynosMti. — The goose- 

 berry Vv^hich is most commonly found wild in many portions of 

 New York state has rather large fruit for a native species. 

 The fruit is dull brownish-purple when fully ripe; skin thin and 

 almost always prickly; pulp dull dark green, good in quality, 

 pleasant flavored. This species, R. Cynoshatl, L., is characterized 

 by tall or sprawling bushes, see figure 3, i)Iate XIII, as described 

 on page 307. The young canes for some distance from the ground 

 are thickly covered with prickles or bristles. The bark of the 

 new growth becomes reddish-brown as autumn approaches, as 

 also do the long thin spines which are usually found singly uu- 



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