486 KEroiiT op the Mycologist of the 



on leaves of shadbush (Amelanchier) in which the spores which 

 brought about infection must have traveled eight miles. In the 

 Mississippi Valley the wheat rust (Puccinia graminis) travels 

 each season from sonlli to north and it is believed to be spread 

 chiefly through the agency of winds which carry uredo-spores 

 from field to field. 



As for carnation plants in the field, they cannot be counted 

 entirely safe from infection unless they are several miles from 

 any field of rusty plants. In regions like the vicinity of Phila- 

 delphia and Western Long Island where growers of carnations 

 are numerous and located close together it is practically impos- 

 sible to grow plants out-of-doors without exposing them to infec- 

 tion. There is one way of avoiding this trouble; namely, by grow- 

 ing the plants all summer under glass. Whether this method 

 is practical or not I am unable to say. It is a point to be de 

 cided by carnationists rather than by botanists. But certain it 

 is, that plants grown all the year under glass are entirely under 

 the control of the owner. Messrs. Lonsdale,* Herr,f Daille- 

 douze, Hill,! Dorner, Strollery, and, I believe, some others have 

 tried it. 



For spraying carnations, either indoors or out, copper sulphate 

 solution is probably the best of all the fungicides tested in the 

 experiments. There is no reason whatever for using the Bor- 

 deaux mixture. It is disagreeable to prepare and to apply, it 

 spots the flowers and foliage, it is more expensive and not nearly 

 as efficient as copper sulphate. Between potassium sulphide and 

 copper sulphate there is not much choice except that the copper 

 sulphate is somewhat cheaper. Copper sulphate can be pur- 

 chased, in quantity, for about five cents per pound, making a 

 barrel of the spraying mixture cost about ten cents. 



When spraying large plants indoors it is sometimes difficult 

 to reach the lower leaves and yet it is always desirable that all 

 l)arts of the foliage be thoroughly wetted. Mr. C. W. Ward, of 



* Lonsdale, E . Proc. 4th Ann. Meeting Am. Carnation Soc, 1895, pp. 44-45 and 53 ; a:iso Am. 

 Florist, Vol. Vni , p 647. 



t Heir. A. M., Am. Florist. Vol. X.. pp. 194-19.'i: also Am. Florist, Vol XL, p. 673. 



t Hill, E. G., Am. Florist, Vol. XL, p. 673; also the experiences of Dorner and Strollery are 

 reported here. 



