548 Krpout of the Entomologists of the 



other species; also tluit it is more nearly flat, comparatively 

 smooth, and curved in the shape of a half moon, while the case 

 of the pistol-case-bearer, is more like a rough tube bent and 

 shaped at the upper end so as to slightly resemble the handle of 

 a miniature pistol. During the winter, also, the cigar-case-bearer 

 is found more abundantly in (he angles made by the branching 

 twigs while the pistol-case-bearer passes the winter in more oi)en 

 situations ou the twigs and buds. The two species have numy 

 similar habits. Both are found most abundantly upon the apple. 

 The mature insects in both species are delicate moths which re- 

 semble each othei' in general appcnrance. 



LiFio HiSTOuv, DiSTKij'.u rioN AND NATURAii Knf<:mii:s. 



The story of this interesting insect's life is, briefly, as follows: 

 The peculiar castes, which, as previously slated, may be found 

 during the winter attached to the twigs, contain the hibernating 

 caterpillars which are to develop into the parent moths before the 

 summer is over. They remain inactive until about the time that 

 the buds begin to swell. The warm days seem \o bring renewed 

 life, and if a careful watch is kept the observer may be rewarded 

 by seeing some of the caterpillars unfasten their cases from the 

 twigs, thrust their heads and part of their bodies out of the 

 opening, which is in the anterior or lower end of each case, and 

 move toward the nearest buds carrying their cases with them. 



Hoio the young casc-hcarcrs feed. — Having reached the buds they 

 begin at once to bore into them. In doing this they do not 

 leave their cases, but thrust their bodies out as they gnaw into 

 the interior of the buds. Thus an opening bud may have several 

 of these cases attached to it which give no signs of activity until 

 removed, when a small round hole will be observed which the 

 little caterpillars have made in searching for food. The injury 

 thus done to the bud is very great, usually sufficient to destroy it. 

 It often happens that nearly the whole inside of the bud will be 

 eaten out. 



As soon as the young leaves a|)pear (he case bearers attack 

 these, burrowing into them at first and feeding on the soft tissues 



