Kew Youk Aguicultukal Experiment Station. 505 



confine the paper and prevent access beneath it, and the remain- 

 ing cavity may be filled with new or unexhausted loam. This 

 operation should be performed in the spring or during the month 

 of June. In the winter the strings may be removed, and in the 

 following spring the trees should again be examined for any 

 borers that have escaped search before, and the protecting ap- 

 plications should be renewed." Dr. Lintner has suggested 

 using fine wire netting as a sheathing for the trunk in place 

 of the paper. *Dr. Lintner describes this protector as follows: 

 " A cylinder made of fine wire netting, about fifteen inches high, 

 mounted on a galvanized metal base, gathered in at the top so as 

 to adjust itself closely to the tree, opens at one side for passing 

 it around the trunk, and is then secured and fastened to the 

 ground, and slightly into it, by a sliding pin. With this pro- 

 tection, the moth would be effectually prevented from deposit- 

 ing an egg upon or near the base of the tree. The cylinders 

 could be quickly applied, and with proper care in housing them 

 they would last for many years. It is thought that they can 

 be offered for sale at about twelve dollars the hundred." Mound- 

 ing up earth about the base of the tree is a preventive method 

 which has been known for many years. Each year a few more 

 inches of earth may be added. The mounds are for the purpose 

 of- preventing the moths from depositing the eggs near the roots. 

 Mixtitrcs applied to tJie trunk which are repulsive to the moths. — 

 The object of such ajjplications as these is to keep a coating on 

 the trunks of the trees which will be sufiiciently repulsive to the 

 female moth to prevent her depositing eggs there. A number of 

 washes of this character are in use. The two following are proba- 

 bly among the best: Both formulas are given by Dr. Lintner 

 in his Eighth Annual lieport, pages 183-184. The first originated 

 with Mr. Ratenian, of I'ainesville, Ohio, who is quoted by Dr. 

 Lintner as follows: ''For our orchard of five hundred bearing 

 trees we buy a pint of crude carbolic acid (or half as much of 

 the refined), costing not over twenty-five cents; then take a gal- 

 lon of good soft soap and thin it with a gallon of hot water, stir- 



• Eighth Annurff Report, pp. 185. 186. 



