Sfav York AohictLTUHAL KxpKJRiMKNr Stai'ion. 649 



The eailici- silos were mostly pits in the grouud, ofteu too 

 shalloAv for good rosnlts. afterward carried up above ground with 

 stone or brick. They were inconvenient of use and the more 

 effective ones were costly. First-cla»s silos can be made of stone 

 or brick if the inner walls arc made smooth and vertical and well 

 plastered with the best cement. Cemented or plastered walls will 

 need a thin coating of cement each year tO' prevent action of the 

 acid and absorption of so much moisture that the walls will 

 crumble from effect of frost. 



The less costly wooden silos are now most generally used. If 

 built inside the barn a "square" silo or other rect.angular one, 

 often with partitiims, is the common form, and if built outside the 

 barn the round or cylindrical form of silo is j)referably adopted. 



RBCTANGrLAU SiLOS. 



A "square silo" built in the corner of the cattle barn at this 

 Station eight years ago, 14 ft. x 15 ft. inside and 80 ft. deep, was 

 constructed like many others in use at that time. The only 

 change of any consequence made since has been that of boarding 

 across the <(»rners where air leaked in and most of the s])oiled 

 silage was found. This has been an improvement. The bottom 

 of the silo is two and one-half feet lower than the basement floor. 

 A stone wall extends around the bottom of the silo from below 

 the fi-ost line two and one-half feet high on the inner sides and 

 eleven and one-half feet high on Ihe exterior sides, these latter 

 being formed by the main wall of the barn. Underneath the silo 

 are six inches of stone from which a tile drain i-uns. On the 

 stones a three-inch layei' made of two jiarts cement and three 

 parts gravel forms the floor. The stone sides are smoothly plas- 

 tered up to the wooden wall. The upright timbers are 28 feet 

 long by r» by 10 inches, set three feet and eight inches apart with 

 2 X 10-inch studs set between. The bottom ends of the timbers 

 are backed by nin(^ inches of stone and cement of the basement 

 floor. These uprights are also held by the second floor at the 

 top and the main floor in the middle. Above the main wall on 

 the two outer sides 2 x 10-inch studs onlv are used. The inside is 



