152 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. 



along the banks of the arroyos, becoming less dense and less evergreen 

 on the drier ground. Here occur such trees as Xylopia grandiflora, 

 Pithecolobium arboreum, Dendropanax ciineifolium, Tetrazygia bicolor, 

 and Ternstrcemia obovalis. On the low plain back of the mangroves, 

 as for instance along the coast north of Nueva Gerona, there is a con- 

 siderable seepage even during the dry season from the higher ground, 

 so that this same fresh-water jungle occurs in many cases as an inner 

 fringe to the mangrove forest, and may even be found also along the 

 north side of the Cienaga de Lanier. It is in this dense tropical 

 jungle that bird-life is most abundant and varied. Here occur as 

 representative species the Isle of Pines Green Woodpecker, Cuban 

 Wood Pewee, Black-whiskered Vireo, Isle of Pines Pygmy Owl, Isle 

 of Pines Trogon, Ricord Emerald, Red-legged Thrush, and Cuban 

 Spindalis, in addition to numerous other less common kinds, while 

 several species of winter-resident warblers find here congenial haunts 

 in their season. 



Lagoons and marshes are not infrequent in certain parts of the 

 northern island, especially near the coast, and several of the larger 

 of these were visited on one or more occasions by Mr. Link. A large 

 lagoon on the Bibijagua tract, near Punta Primera de Salinas, proved 

 to be a favorite resort for several species of shore-birds, its sandy and 

 muddy southern beach being a great attraction. So much of the ac- 

 tual coast-line of the island is taken up with the mangroves that there 

 are comparatively few stretches of beach, one of the most extensive 

 of which lies to the east of Punta de la Bibijagua. The lagoon just 

 referred to, known locally as " Rincon " Lagoon, lies a little way behind 

 this beach, parallel with the shore-line. It is quite shallow, and the 

 water is brackish, supporting in places a growth of aquatic plants, and 

 fringed in others with the inevitable mangroves. The El Bobo Lagoon, 

 which lies just east of the mouth of the Nuevas River, is of a similar 

 character, being an area of shallow, brackish water closed in by man- 

 groves and receiving an overflow from the sea at very high tide. Santa 

 Rosalia Lagoon, which is situated just south of the Caballos Mountains 

 not far from the town of Columbia, is of a different character, the 

 water being fresh, the shores muddy, and with a rank growth of 

 marsh-grasses farther back. All these lagoons become very low in the 

 dry season. They are favorite resorts for the various species of herons 

 and certain other aquatic birds. 



The Cienaga de Lanier, the great marsh which extends across the 



