XXXVi. The Birds of Pembrokeshire. 
that stands seven miles off the Wexford coast, might well be expected 
to afford considerable information respecting the passage of birds 
between Pembrokeshire and Ireland. The light-house on the 
South Bishop’s Rock, off the St. David’s peninsula; the two light- 
houses at the entrance of Milford Haven; the tall light-house on 
Caldy, are all important stations, from which the returns are of great 
interest. Such light-houses as those in Cardigan Bay, on the Smalls, 
and on Lundy, are of special value, from their isolated position so 
many miles from land, where they must necessarily attract birds that 
make their aerial journeys well out at sea. In fine weather the birds 
fly wide of, or high above, the light-houses, but in stormy, or misty 
weather, they flutter about them during the night and the early hours 
of the morning in a bewildered manner, and hundreds perish from 
dashing themselves violently against the lanterns. We are quite 
unable to arrive at any beyond the most general conclusions, as the 
materials for forming any adequate theory are as yet far too scanty, 
from the returns supplied from the South Bishop’s, the Smalls, the 
Milford, and the Caldy light-houses. They serve, however, to reveal 
the fact that several species, commonly regarded as stay-at-homes 
are to be included among the birds that are impelled by the migra- 
tory instinct; and they lead the ornithologist to formulate the 
canon that all birds migrate, although he is well aware that one or 
two species, such as the Dipper,’ the Pheasant, and the Partridge, 
might be adduced as exceptions. Such familiar birds as the Robin, 
the Hedge Accentor, and the House Sparrow, are common migrants. 
Flocks of Rooks have been noted at the Smalls leaving the Pem- 
brokeshire coast for Ireland in the spring, and returning in the 
autumn. The Zwurdide are the most restless of the migratory birds, 
and appear to be on the move almost throughout the year. A great 
number of Blackbirds and Thrushes perish by dashing on autumn 
nights against the lanterns of the South Bishop’s and the Smalls 
Light-houses; a hundred, or more, have been picked up dead in the 
course of a few hours. The migrations of some species are con- 
tinuously extended over along period. ‘The first Wheatear appeared 
! The Dipper is, doubtless, an occasional migrant, as is proved by the appear- 
ance from time to time of the Scandinavian Black-bellied Dipper ( C7vclus »relano- 
gaster) in the Eastern Counties of England. 
