.[ So ] 



" tium extra partes, ita & dida; qnantitates fuo modo quandam 

 " extenfionem partium habent. Smigl, p. 294." This latter 

 fpecies of quantity is therefore called " ^lantitas Intenfa & Ft'rtutis" 

 Aldrich p. 43 ; for ihe cflential perfedions and virtues of things 

 are compofcd of different degrees, in the fame manner as quan- 

 tity, properly fo called, is compofed of parts. Burgefd. p. 21. 

 Quantities which confifts of parts are alone capable of meafure, 

 and therefore of mathematical comparifon ; while the others, though 

 they admit of more and lefs, yet not being meafurable, cannot be 

 mathematically compared. Thus different areas, which confifl of 

 parts, are meafurable ; but pleafure and pain, heat and cold, proba- 

 bility and improbability, virtue and vice, which are eflimated by de- 

 grees, are not meafurable. Crakanthorp therefore defcribes quantity, 

 by fayins;, that '• it is an abfolute accident, by which things arc 

 " meafured primarily and perfe," p. 81. Now to make quantities 

 wfhich confiff of degrees, and therefore are not meafurable, the 

 fubied of mathematical comparifon, an arbitrary meafure is 

 affif^ned, by referring, them to fome meafurable quantity to which 

 they are related. Thus, in the graduation of the thermometer, an 

 arbitrary meafure is eftabliflied for heat and cold, for the degrees 

 of heat are referred to the expanfion of the fluid contained in the 

 thermometer, which is meafurable, and to which heat is related. 

 In the fame manner, probability has no meafure in itfelf ; but an 

 arbitrary meafure is affigned to it, by referring it to the ratio of 

 the number of chances by which the event may happen or fail ; 



and 



