snails in condition to furnish living cerca- 
riae for two or three months. Thus a conta- 
mination, taking place every second month, 
would be quite sufficient to make the water 
permanently suspect. 
We know by experience that the cerca- 
riae dont issue at any time. It is next to im- 
possible to find a cercaria early in the mor- 
ning, though the water may contain infected 
snails, while in the afternoon, after several 
-hours insolation, they are quite abundant. 
Therefore a short bath in the morning may 
prove harmless, wnile a protracted bath during 
or after the warmest hours ma leady to a 
multiple infection. The dry season, when there 
is more sunshine and less water, while its 
temperature is higher, must be the time 
when most of the infections are acquired. 
Litterature: 
The Jitterature on the blood flukes and 
the pathological conditions caused by them 
130 
is very large; LEIPER’s report contains an 
alphabetical list of 562 numbers. A few mo- 
re may be found in other papers cited. I 
give alist of papers which refer specially to 
my subject and principally of those which 
have been studied and quoted. I have not 
enumerated the numerous treatises on hel- 
minthology, tropical diseases or general pa- 
thology and medicine, as they are generally 
well known or contain nothing new. 
The litterature on Sch, jap. is given mo- 
re extensively, as the subject is new and in- 
timately connected with mine. Not only do 
Sch. M. and Jap. provoke similar symptoms 
and lesions but those of the latter are gene- 
rally better known and more easily studied, 
the infections as a rule being less complica- 
ted, more acute and more intense. Therefore 
their study is very useful to the student of 
Sch. M. 
Schistosomiasis in man, observed in Africa or of African origin. 
SIEBOLD, C., 
BILHARZ TH., 
KARTULIS., 
LEUCKART R,, 
HILL, B., 
FRITSCH., 
BROCK, G, S., 
SONSINO P., 
BROOKS, 
GOEBEL, 
FREEMAN., 
GOEBEL, 
1852—Ein Beitrag zur Helminthographia humana. Aus briefl. Mitth. 
d. Dr. Bilharz. — Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool., H. 1, pg. 
53, Bd. 4. 
1853 — Fernere Mittheilungen ueber Distomum haematobium. — Ibidem, 
H. 4, pg. 454. 
1885 — Ueber das Vorkommen der Eier des D. haematobium Bilharz 
in den Unterleibsorganen:— Virchows Arch. Bd. 
99, pg. 139. 
1886 — Die Parasiten des Menschen etc. Zweite Aufl., Ad. 1, Abth2. 
1888 — Clinic. lect. on haematuria. — Brit. med. Journ., V. 1, pg. 199. 
1888— Zur Anatomie der B, haem.—Ztschr. f. mikr. Anatomie, Bd. 
31, pg. 192. 
1893- On the anat. and physiol. of the ovum of Bilh. haemat.-Lan- 
cet, Sept. 1893, pg. 622 —625. 
1893—B. haem. and B. Disease. — Davidson, Hyg. a. Dis. of w. Cli- 
mates, pg. 90. 
1897 - A case of D. haemat.— Medical Record 1897, pg. 492. 
1903 — Clin. a. pathol. Observ. on B. Disease.— Journ. of trop. Med., 
pg. 106. 
1905 — Journ. of the R. Army med. Corps, Vol. V, pg. 145 (278). 
1909 — Die patholog. Anathomie der Bilh. — krank. — Berl. klin. Wchn- 
schr., pg. 107. 
