in pairs. The yolk glands have a limited ran- 
.ge in the posterior fourth of the body. These 
worms belong to the species Schistosoma 
haematobium (sensu stricto). In the worms 
derived from Planorbis Boissyi the males 
are small and have eight small round testes. 
The two lateral gut branches unite very early. 
In some of the smatlest specimens found 
this union had already taken place. The in- 
testinal coecum is correspondingly very long. 
The female has the ovary in the anterior half 
of the body. The uterus is very short, and al- 
most invariably there is only one egg at the 
time in each specimen when a number have 
already been laid. The yolk glands are ex- 
tensive ranging through the posterior two- 
thirds of the body, along the whole length 
of the coecum. The eggs always have a la- 
eral spine, the first laid is smaller than those 
succeeding and the spine is then set almost 
at right angles to the axis. Pending a consi- 
deration of the claims of other names to prio- 
rity the speciffic name Schistosomum Man- 
sont may be adopted rightly for these worms. 
They differ in their adult structure from Schis- 
tosoma haematobium (sensu stricto) more mar. 
kedly than does Schistosoma bovis. 
Vesical bilharziosis and Manson’s intes- 
tinal bilharziosis are therefore etiologically 
properly regarded as entirely different disea- 
ses 
9. (Pg. 123, I. 18 from the bottom of 
col. 2.) The study of the literature on Sch, 
jap. shows that the disease due to this blood 
fluke is generally more acute, intense and se- 
vere. This is easily understood as the pro- 
duction of eggs is much larger. Also the use 
of human excrements for fertilizing, the cul- 
tivation under water and the prolonged ex- 
posure of the workers in flooded ricefields 
favour intense infection, so that there is no 
need to suppose a greater virulence of the 
parasite. 
10. The rests of the digested blood must 
be rejected by the mouth, as in all the tre- 
matodes without anus. We also find princi- 
pally in severe experimental infection of ani- 
mals black masses as well in the blood, as 
137 
in the leucocytes and phagocytes in the tis- 
sue. They are also seen in human infections 
where however they might be taken for ma- 
larial pigment which in the laboratory ani- 
mals may be excluded. 
11. (Pg. 124, 1. 1 from top of col. 1.) : 
Lately (1918) LAWTON described an epi 
demic of fevers, observed in Australian sol- 
diers, infected in Egypt. The symptomatology 
was very much alike with that of intense and 
acute infections by Sch. jap. 
12. (Pg. 125, 1. 1 from the bottom of 
col. 1.) We have in the institute a film sho- 
wing a white rat, after prolonged immersion 
of the posterior part of the body in water 
with many live cercariae. The itching princi- 
pally in the hind feet and tail is charactical- 
ly shown by the biting of these parts. 
13. (Pg. 124, 1. 19 from the top of col. 
2.) I record here that in the acute infec- 
tions, cited in note 11, there was cough, 
accompanied by evident symptoms of bron- 
chitis and pulmonary congestion. The sputa 
sometimes contained blood. These are early 
symptoms of infection. Later ones might be 
due more to the eggs than to the worms. 
14. Microscopical preparations of spon- 
taneous infection with Sch. Jap. in the large 
domestic animals show distinctlv the latter 
lesions, cirrhosis of the liver and alterations 
in the veins. 
15. Considering that anthelmintyics may 
net reach the flukes in the portal circulation, 
unless extremely diluted, other remedies were 
tried, such as arsenical and antimonial com- 
pounds, emetine and methylene blue. Howe- 
ver, these substances although useful in infec- 
tion, by protozoa, spirilla and allied organisms, 
dont seem to promise much result when used 
against blood-worms. Even if thev killed the 
flukes without producing new and perhaps 
even more serious symptoms, there would 
still remain the eggs and the lesions caused 
by them, unless the infection was quite re- 
cent and therefore not easily recognized. Se- 
veral authors claim good results, but such 
ought to be demonstrated by animal experi- 
ments which are easily made. LEIPER who 
