166 BIRDS FROM WESTERN JAVA AND KRAKATAU. 
Celebes. When comparing these specimens with a series of 
more than 50 skins from Europe, Siberia, China, Japan, 
Formosa and Ceylon, it appears that they are not to be 
distinguished from the specimens from China, Formosa and 
Japan neither by the coloration nor by the dimensions or the 
shape of the bill; on the other hand some specimens from 
Western Europe perfectly agree with Japanese and Javanese 
specimens, so that it is impossible to say, without seeing 
the label, from where a specimen is originating. The 
only features, which seem to be constant in birds from 
Eastern Asia and the Malay Archipelago are a more or 
less umber-brown coloration, sometimes very strong, of the 
sides of the body and of the flanks, and, as a rule, the 
somewhat smaller dimensions. The upper surface of these 
eastern birds has, as a rule, a richer brown tinge, and the 
lower part of the black throat is often tinged with rufous. 
Except Passer montana dilutus Richmond, from Turkestan, 
we can distinguish only two other forms of the Tree- 
sparrow: a western form, Passer montana (Linnaeus), from 
Europe and Siberia, and an eastern form, inhabiting Japan, 
the Liu Kiu Islands, Formosa, Southern China, Malacca, Su- 
matra, Java and Celebes, which is to be called Passer 
montana saturatus Stejneger. 
Wings of our Java-specimens: 65—70 mm. 
Leyden Museum, February 1910. 
Notes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. XXXII. 
