66 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 
dorsal and pectorals tinged blackish. Iris blue-black. Length 
nearly 21 inches. Grassy Sound. 
I have taken this species associated with Cynais canis and Car- 
charhinus muilberti in the inlets and waters on the flats below 
Atlantic City. South of this region it is abundant, many exam- 
ples having been secured at Stone Harbor, Anglesea, Holly 
Beach and Cape May. Mr. Wm. J. Fox found it frequently off 
Sea Isle City running to 3 feet in length. At times it is espe- 
cially abundant and a great annoyance to fishermen. Off shore 
they reach a large size, some said to be 15 feet in length. In the 
inlets they are usually less than a yard, while the large ones 
outside often attain 9g feet. According to Wr. H. Walker Hand 
they were reported as usually irregular, probably traveling in 
schools and taking fish-bait. He also states that they are abun- 
dant at times in Delaware Bay. Dr. Dahlgren reports it from 
a number of places along our coast. 
Sphyrna zygena Bean, Bull. U. S. F. Com., VII, 1887, p. 151. 
Zygena malleus Baird, 9th An. Rep. Smiths. Inst., 1854, p. 
337 [353]. 
Cestracion subarcuatus Abbott, Geol. N. J., 1868, p. 828. 
Family SQUALID. 
The Dog Sharks. 
Body more or less elongate. Head depressed. Eyes lateral, 
without nictitating membrane. Mouth inferior, rather large, 
arched, and deep groove on each side. Teeth compressed, vari- 
ously formed. Nostrils inferior, separate. Guill-openings mod- 
erate, all in front of pectorals. Spiracles rather large. Ovi- 
parous. Dorsal fins 2, and first in front of ventrals. Caudal 
with lower lobe small or obsolete. Ventrals inserted posteriorly, 
not much before second dorsal. 
Small sharks, chiefly of the Atlantic, representing a compara- 
tively primitive type. A single genus and species from our 
shores. . 
